Gebruiker:Liami Smith/Klimraam
Die klimraam, ook klimapparaat genoem, is 'n stellasie wat uit verskillende materiaal bestaan, soos metaal, tou, of hout waarop deelnemers kan klim, hang, sit en gly.
Geskiedenis[wysig | wysig bron]
Die eerste klimraam is in 1920 uitgevind en gepatenteer deur advokaat Sebastian Hinton in Chicago. [1] Dit is onder die handelsnaam Junglegym verkoop. Hinton se aanvanklike patent van 1920 was gebasseer op die instink van ape en die voordele wat klim as oefening vir kinders inhou, (vandaar die Engelse term: monkey bars), [2][3] Hinton se pa, wiskundige Charles Hinton, het 'n soortgelyke struktuur van bamboes opgebou toe Sebastian Hinton 'n kind was; sy vader se doel was om kinders in staat te stel om 'n intuïtiewe begrip van die driedimensionele ruimte te verkry deur middel van 'n spel waarin getalle vir die x-, y- en z-as uitgeroep is, en elke kind het probeer om die eerste een te wees om die aangeduide aansluiting te begryp. Dus kon die abstraksie van Cartesiese koördinate aangegryp word as 'n naam van 'n tasbare punt in die ruimte. [4]
Hinton se tweede prototipe klimraam staan steeds by die Crow Island-skool. [4] [5]
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'n Klein klimraam -
Hang aan 'n dwars balk. -
Landskapstrukture word geskep sodat kinders kan klim. -
Landskapstrukture. -
Seuntjie voor die klimraam, 1967 -
'n Klein klimraam in 'n skoolterrein by Gärdet in Stockholm, Swede, 2012 -
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'n Klein klimraam in Råcksta, Stockholm, Swede, 2016 -
Militêre klimraam vir volwassenes se opleiding.
Veiligheid[wysig | wysig bron]
Om die risiko van beserings as gevolg van val te verminder, het klimraam areas dikwels 'n dik laag sand of ander impakabsorberende materiaal wat die grond bedek. Die Amerikaanse nasionale veiligheidsraad beveel aan dat speelgronde minstens 30 cm in diepte van sulke materiaal bevat. [6]
Verwysings[wysig | wysig bron]
- ↑ Hinton's original patents for the "climbing structure" are Amerikaanse Patent 1 471 465 filed July 22, 1920; Amerikaanse Patent 1 488 244 filed October 1, 1920; Amerikaanse Patent 1 488 245 filed October 1, 1920; and Amerikaanse Patent 1 488 246 filed October 24, 1921.
- ↑ In Amerikaanse Patent 1 471 465 Hinton wrote on page 3, "Again and importantly, the monkey instinct strong in all human beings and perhaps more clearly displayed in children, makes climbing a sport to which children enthusiastically take, by a psychology about the same as that of a kitten at play with a ball, which of course is practice for hunting."
- ↑ In Amerikaanse Patent 1 488 244 Hinton wrote on page 3, "I have found, however, that children seem to like to climb through the structure to some particular point, and there swing head downward by the knees, calling back and forth to each other, a trick which can be explained of course only by the monkey instinct", and on page 4 he wrote, "I make considerable point of the great strength of the structure, as this is important. Thus most persons have seen a monkey in a zoo, seize the bars of his cage with hands and feet and throw his body violently back and forth, other monkeys following suit. Children in the structure I have erected do the same thing, apparently unconscious of any imitation of monkeys. It can be appreciated that with twenty-five or thirty heavy boys doing this, the strains on the structure are very great."
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Sjabloon:"'J' is for Jungle Gym" from Winnetka, Illinois Historical Society
- ↑ "About Us / History". Crow Island School history (in Engels). Besoek op 27 Februarie 2020.
- ↑ Playground Safety – National Safety Council Geargiveer 10 Desember 2006 op Wayback Machine