Grootteordes (lengte)

Hierdie artikel of onderafdeling van die artikel is onder ontwikkeling. As u wil bydra tot die ontwikkeling daarvan, spring gerus in, maar moet dit asseblief nie uitvee nie.

Hierdie artikel moet vertaal word. Indien die artikel nie vertaal of oorgeskryf word binne die volgende twee weke nie, sal dit gelys word vir verwydering.

Afdeling	Reeks (m)		Eenheid	Voorbeeld
	≥	<
Subatomies	0	10−15	am	elektron, kwark, string, Planck-lengte
Atoom na sellulêre	10−15	10−12	fm	proton, neutron
	10−12	10−9	pm	golflengte van gammastrale en x-strale, waterstof atoom
	10−9	10−6	nm	DNA heliks, virus, golflengte van sigbare spektrum
Menslike skaal	10−6	10−3	µm	bakterie, mis (water druppel), menslike haar
	10−3	100	mm	muskiet, golfbal, voetbal (sokkerbal)
	100	103	m	mens, voetbal (sokkerveld), Eiffel-toring
	103	106	km	Mount Everest, lengte van die Panamakanaal, groter asteroïde
Astronomies	106	109	Mm	die Maan, Aarde, een ligsekonde
	109	1012	Gm	Son, een ligminuut, Aarde se wentelbaan
	1012	1015	Tm	wentelbane van buitenste planete, Sonnestelsel
	1015	1018	Pm	een ligjaar; afstand na Proxima Centauri
	1018	1021	Em	spiraalvormige sterrestelsel
	1021	1024	Zm	Melkweg, afstand na Andromeda sterrestelsel
	1024	∞	Ym	waarneembare heelal

Gedetailleerde lys

Om te help verskillende grootteordes te vergelyk, die volgende lys verduidelik die verskeie lengtes tussen 1.6×10⁻³⁵ m en 1.3×10²⁶ m.

Subatomies

Faktor (m)	Meervoudige	Waarde	Item
10−35		0.000000000016 ym (1.6×10−35 m)	Planck-lengte; grootte van 'n hipotetiese string en van membrane; volgens die string theorie lengtes kleiner as dit maak nie wetenskaplik sin nie. Gedink kwantum skuim bestaan op hierdie vlak.
10−24	1 joktometer (ym)	20 ym (2 × 10−23 meters)	effektiewe dwarsdeursnit radius van 1 MeV neutrinos
10−21	1 zeptometer (zm)		Preons, hipotetiese deeltjies voorgestel as onderafdelings van quarks en leptonen; die bogrens vir die breedte van 'n kosmiese string in string theorie.
		7 zm (7 × 10−21 meters)	effektiewe dwarsdeursnit radius van hoë energie neutrinos
		354 zm (3.54 × 10−19 meters)	de Broglie golflengte van protone by die Large Hadron Collider (3.5 TeV van 2011)
10−18	1 attometer (am)		boonste limiet vir die grootte van quarks en elektrone
			sensitiwiteit van die LIGO detektor vir gravitasie golwe
			bogrens van die tipiese grootte vir "fundamentele stringe"
10−17	10 am		omvang van die swak kernkrag
10−16	100 am		Volgens Craig Hogan, 'n wetenskaplike van Fermilab, die voorgespelde skaal van resolusie van ruimtetyd, as daar aanvaar word dat die heelal voldoen aan die holografiese beginsel, 'n voorspelling dat volgens voorlopige verslae is in ooreenstemming met waarnemings by die GEO 600 detektor.

Atoom na sellulêre

Clickable image. The thumbnails range left to right from 1e-15m to 1e-7m. (Image description)

Faktor (m)	Meervoudige	Waarde	Item
10−15	1 femtometre (fm)	1.5 fm	size of an 11 MeV proton
		2.81794 fm	classical electron radius
			scale of the atomic nucleus
10−14	10 fm
10−13	100 fm
10−12	1 picometre (pm)	...	longest wavelength of gamma rays
		2.4 pm	Compton wavelength of electron
		5 pm	wavelength of shortest X-rays
10−11	10 pm	25 pm	radius of hydrogen atom
		31 pm	radius of helium atom
		53 pm	Bohr radius
10−10	100 pm	100 pm (0.1 nm)	1 Ångström (also covalent radius of sulfur atom)
		154 pm (0.154 nm)	length of a typical covalent bond (C–C).
		500 pm (0.50 nm)	width of protein α helix
10−9	1 nanometre (nm)	1 nm	diameter of a carbon nanotube
		2.5 nm	Smallest transistor gate oxide thickness microprocessors (as of Jan 2007)
		6–10 nm	thickness of cell membrane
10−8	10 nm	10 nm	thickness of cell wall in gram-negative bacteria
		40 nm	extreme ultraviolet wavelength
		90 nm	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (generally, viruses range in size from 20 nm to 450 nm)
10−7	100 nm	121.6 nm	wavelength of the lyman-alpha line
		380–435 nm	wavelength of violet light—see color and optical spectrum
		625–740 nm	wavelength of red light

Menslike skaal

Click on the thumbnail image to jump to the desired order of length magnitude article: top-left is 1E-6m (10⁻⁶), lower-right is 1E5m (10⁵). (Image description)

Faktor (m)	Meervoudige	Waarde	Item
10−6	1 mikrometer (µm)	1 µm	word ook een mikron genoem
		1–3 µm	particle size that a surgical mask removes at 80–95% efficiency
		6-8 µm	diameter of a red blood cell
10−5	10 µm	10 µm	typical size of a fog, mist or cloud water droplet. Chip 10 µm process in 1971.
		12 µm	width of acrylic fibre
		25.4 µm	1/1000 inch, commonly referred to as one mil
10−4	100 µm	100 µm	width of a strand of human hair
		200 µm	typical length of Paramecium caudatum, a ciliate protist
		750 µm	maximum diameter of Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest bacterium ever discovered
10−3	1 millimeter (mm)	2.54 mm	1/10th inch; distance between pins in DIP (dual-inline-package) electronic components
		5 mm	length of average red ant
		7.62 mm	common military ammunition size
10−2	1 centimeter (cm)	1.5 cm	length of a large mosquito
		2.54 cm	1 inch
		4.267 cm	diameter of a golf ball
10−1	1 decimeter (dm)	10 cm	wavelength of the highest UHF radio frequency, 3 GHz
		30.48 cm	1 foot
		91 cm	1 yard
100	1 meter	1 m	wavelength of the lowest UHF and highest VHF radio frequency, 300 MHz
		1.7 m (5 feet 7 inches)	average height of a human
		8.38 m	The length of a London Bus (Routemaster)
101	1 dekameter (dam)	10 m	wavelength of the lowest VHF and highest shortwave radio frequency, 30 MHz
		33 m	length of longest blue whale measured, the largest animal
		93.47 m	height of the Statue of Liberty (foundation of pedestal to torch)
102	1 hectometer (hm)	100 m	wavelength of the lowest shortwave radio frequency and highest medium wave radio frequency, 3 MHz
		137 m (147 m)	height (present and original) of the Great Pyramid of Giza
		979 m	height of the Salto Angel, the world's highest free-falling waterfall (Venezuela)
103	1 kilometer (km)	1 km	wavelength of the lowest medium wave radio frequency, 300 kHz
		1609 m	1 international mile
		8848 m	height of the highest mountain on earth, Mount Everest
104	10 km	10.911 km	depth of deepest part of the ocean, Mariana Trench
		13 km	narrowest width of the Strait of Gibraltar, separating Europe and Africa
		90 km	width of the Bering Strait
105	100 km	111 km	distance covered by one degree of latitude on Earth's surface
		163 km	length of the Suez Canal
		974.6 km	greatest diameter of the dwarf planet, Ceres

Astronomies

An illustration of the sizes of planets and stars

Faktor (m)	Meervoudige	Waarde	Item
106	1,000 km = 1 megametre (Mm)	2,390 km	diameter of dwarf planet Pluto, formerly the smallest planet category of our solar system
		3,480 km	diameter of the Moon
		5,200 km	typical distance covered by the winner of the 24 hours of Le Mans automobile endurance race
		6,400 km	length of the Great Wall of China
		6,600 km	approximate length of the two longest rivers, the Nile and the Amazon
		7,821 km	length of the Trans-Canada Highway
		9,288 km	length of the Trans-Siberian Railway, longest in the world
107	10,000 km	12,756 km	equatorial diameter of the Earth
		40,075 km	length of the Earth's equator
108	100,000 km	142,984 km	diameter of Jupiter
		299,792.458 km	distance travelled by light in one second
		384,000 km = 384 Mm	Moon's orbital distance from Earth
109	1 million km = 1 gigametre (Gm)	1,390,000 km = 1.39 Gm	diameter of the Sun
		4,200,000  km = 4.2 Gm	greatest mileage ever recorded by a car (A 1966 Volvo P-1800S, still driving)
1010	10 million km	18 million km	approximately one light-minute
1011	100 million km	150 million km = 150 Gm	1 astronomical unit (AU); mean distance between Earth and Sun
		~ 900 Gm	optical diameter of Betelgeuse (~600 × Sun)
1012	1000 million km = 1 terametre (Tm)	1.4 ×109 km	orbital distance of Saturn from Sun
		~ 3 ×109 km	estimated optical diameter of VY Canis Majoris, as of 2007 the largest known star (~2000 × Sun)
		5.9 ×109 km = 5.9 Tm	orbital distance of Pluto from Sun
		~ 7.5 ×109 km = 7.5 Tm	outer boundary of the Kuiper belt, inner boundary of the Oort cloud (~ 50 AU)
1013	10 Tm		diameter of our Solar System as a whole
		16.25×109 km = 16.25 Tm	distance of the Voyager 1 spacecraft from Sun (Sjabloon:As of), the farthest man-made object so far
1014	100 Tm	1.8×1011 km = 180 Tm	size of the debris disk around the star 51 Pegasi
1015	1 petametre (Pm)	~ 7.5 ×1012 km = 7.5 Pm	supposed outer boundary of the Oort cloud (~ 50,000 AU)
		9.46×1012 km = 9.46 Pm = 1 light year	distance travelled by light in one year; at its current speed, Voyager 1 would need 17,500 years to travel this distance
1016	10 Pm	3.2616 light-years (3.08568×1016 m = 30.8568 Pm)	1 parsec
		4.22 light-years = 39.9 Pm	distance to nearest star (Proxima Centauri)
		10.4 light-years = 98.4 Pm	as of September 2007, distance to nearest discovered extrasolar planet (Epsilon Eridani b)
1017	100 Pm	20.4 light-years = 193 Pm	as of October 2010, distance to nearest discovered extrasolar planet with potential to support life as we know it (Gliese 581 d)
		65 light-years = 6.15×1017 m = 615 Pm	approximate radius of humanity's radio bubble, caused by high-power TV broadcasts leaking through the atmosphere into outer space
1018	1 exametre (Em)	200 light-years = 1.9 Em	distance to nearby solar twin (HIP 56948), a star with properties virtually identical to our Sun
1019	10 Em	1,000 light-years = 9.46 Em or 9.46 × 1015 km	average thickness of Milky Way Galaxy (1000 to 3000 ly by 21 cm observations)
1020	100 Em	12,000 light-years = 113.5 Em or 1.135 × 1017 km	thickness of Milky Way Galaxy's gaseous disk
1021	1 zettametre (Zm)	100,000 light-years	diameter of galactic disk of Milky Way Galaxy
		50 kiloparsecs	distance to SN 1987A, the most recent naked eye supernova
		52 kiloparsecs = 1.6×1021 m = 1.6 Zm	distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way)
		54 kiloparsecs = 1.66 Zm	distance to the Small Magellanic Cloud (another dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way)
1022	10 Zm	22.3 Zm = 2.36 million light-years = 725 kiloparsecs	distance to Andromeda Galaxy
		50 Zm (1.6 Mpc)	diameter of Local Group of galaxies
1023	100 Zm	300–600 Zm = 10–20 megaparsecs	distance to Virgo cluster of galaxies
1024	1 yottametre (Ym)	200 million light-years = 2 Ym = 60 megaparsecs	diameter of the Local Supercluster and the largest voids and filaments.
		550 million light-years ~170 megaparsecs ~5 Ym	diameter of the enormous Horologium Supercluster
1025	10 Ym	1.37 billion light years = 1.3×1025 m = 13 Ym	Length of the Sloan Great Wall, a giant wall of galaxies (galactic filament.
1026	100 Ym	1×1010 light-years = 1026 m = 100 Ym	estimated light travel distance to certain quasars
		92×109 light years = 9.2×1026 m = 920 Ym	approx. diameter (comoving distance) of the visible universe
1027	1000 Ym	~250 billion light years = 2.4×1027 m = 2400 Ym	According to one estimate using the WMAP data, it can be said with 95% confidence that there is a lower limit of 21 particle horizon size patches in the universe.
$10^{10^{10^{122}}}$	$10^{10^{10^{122}}}$ Ym	$10^{10^{10^{122}}}$ megaparsecs = $10^{10^{10^{122}}}$ m = $10^{10^{10^{122}}}$Ym	size of universe after cosmological inflation, implied by one resolution of the No-Boundary Proposal

Sien ook

• Posisie van die Aarde in die heelal
• Powers of Ten, a 1977 short documentary film which depicts the relative scale of the Universe in factors of ten.

External links

• How Big Are Things? displays orders of magnitude in successively larger rooms
• Powers of Ten Travel across the Universe. Altering perspective by changing scale by just a few powers of ten (interactive)
• Cosmos – an Illustrated Dimensional Journey from microcosmos to macrocosmos – from Digital Nature Agency