Ad hominem: Verskil tussen weergawes
Content deleted Content added
Geen bronnelys |
k +Bronne Etiket: 2017-bronwysiging |
||
Lyn 1: | Lyn 1: | ||
{{geen bronnelys}} |
|||
{{TITELAANSIG|''Ad hominem''}} |
{{TITELAANSIG|''Ad hominem''}} |
||
'''''Ad hominem''''' is 'n [[Latyn]]se uitdrukking wat beteken "op die man". In 'n debat noem mens 'n argument ''ad hominem'' as dit betrekking het op 'n persoon wat 'n stelling maak, en nie op die stelling self nie. Reputasie, beweringe en hoorsê word dus ingespan om 'n argument te wen. Daar moet teen sulke stellings gewaak word omdat dit onbehoorlik en onregverdig is en dikwels vir propaganda ingespan word. |
'''''Ad hominem''''' is 'n [[Latyn]]se uitdrukking wat beteken "op die man". In 'n debat noem mens 'n argument ''ad hominem'' as dit betrekking het op 'n persoon wat 'n stelling maak, en nie op die stelling self nie. Reputasie, beweringe en hoorsê word dus ingespan om 'n argument te wen. Daar moet teen sulke stellings gewaak word omdat dit onbehoorlik en onregverdig is en dikwels vir propaganda ingespan word. |
||
Lyn 17: | Lyn 16: | ||
* [[Godwin se wet]] |
* [[Godwin se wet]] |
||
* [[Beroep op outoriteit]] |
* [[Beroep op outoriteit]] |
||
== Bronne == |
|||
*{{cite book|last1=Bowell|first1=Tracy|last2=Kemp|first2=Gary|title=Critical Thinking: A Concise Guide|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=978-0-415-47183-1}} |
|||
*{{cite book|last=Copi|first=Irving M.|title=Informal Logic|isbn=978-0-02-324940-2|publisher=Macmillan|year=1986}} |
|||
*{{cite encyclopedia |last= Hansen|first= Hans|editor-last= Zalta |editor-first= Edward N. |editor-link= Edward N. Zalta |encyclopedia= [[The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|title= Fallacies |url= https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/fallacies/ |year= 2019 }} |
|||
* {{cite book|last=Kolb|first=Leigh|chapter= Guilt by Association|pages=351–353|editor1= Robert Arp|editor2= Steven Barbone|editor3= Michael Bruce|doi=10.1002/9781119165811.ch83| year=2019|title=Bad Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Fallacies in Western Philosophy|publisher= Wiley Blackwell|isbn=978-1-119-16580-4}} |
|||
* {{cite book|last1=Lavery|first1=Jonathan |last2=Hughes|first2=Willam |title=Critical Thinking, fifth edition: An Introduction to the Basic Skills|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xL-qf5Hbkm0C&pg=PA132|year=2008|publisher=Broadview Press|isbn=978-1-77048-111-4}} |
|||
* {{cite web | title=Definition of Ad Hominem | last= Merriam-Webster | year=2019 | url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ad+hominem| access-date=2020-01-08}} |
|||
*{{Cite journal|last=Olivesi|first=Aurélie|date=2010-04-05|title=L'interrogation sur la compétence politique en 2007 : une question de genre ?|url=https://journals.openedition.org/quaderni/486|journal=Quaderni|language=fr|issue=72|pages=59–74|doi=10.4000/quaderni.486|issn=0987-1381|doi-access=free}} |
|||
* {{cite journal | last=Orkibi | first=Eithan | title=Precedential Ad Hominem in Polemical Exchange: Examples from the Israeli Political Debate | journal=Argumentation | volume=32 | issue=4 | date=2018-02-27 | issn=0920-427X | doi=10.1007/s10503-018-9453-2 | pages=485–499 | s2cid=149120204 }} |
|||
*{{Cite journal|author-link = Christina Hoff Sommers | last=Sommers|first=Christina|date=March 1991|title=Argumentum ad feminam|journal=Journal of Social Philosophy|language=en|volume=22|issue=1|pages=5–19|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9833.1991.tb00016.x|issn=0047-2786}} |
|||
*{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Charles|author-link=Charles Taylor (philosopher) |title=Philosophical Arguments |year=1995 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674664760 |pages=34–60 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iqtLAsIBZ2sC&q=explanation+and+practical+reason+charles+taylor&pg=PA34 |chapter=Explanation and Practical Reason}} |
|||
*{{cite book|last=Tindale|first=Christopher W. |title=Fallacies and Argument Appraisal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ved8b9Cr8Z8C|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-46184-9}} |
|||
*{{cite book|last=van Eemeren|first=F. H. |author-link=Frans H. van Eemeren|title=Crucial Concepts in Argumentation Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgfSPmaVFkC|year=2001|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-90-5356-523-0}} |
|||
* {{cite book | last1=van Eemeren | first1=Frans H. |author-link=Frans H. van Eemeren| last2=Grootendorst | first2=Rob | title=Argumentation Library | chapter=The History of the Argumentum Ad Hominem Since the Seventeenth Century | publisher=Springer International Publishing | location=Cham | year=2015 | isbn=978-3-319-20954-8 | issn=1566-7650 | doi=10.1007/978-3-319-20955-5_32 }} |
|||
*{{cite book |last=Walton |first=Douglas N.|author-link=Douglas N. Walton|title=Ad Hominem Arguments |publisher=University of Alabama Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8173-0922-0 }} |
|||
* {{cite journal|last=Walton |first=Douglas N.|author-link=Douglas N. Walton| journal = Argumentation|year= 2001|volume=15|pages= 207–221 |url=http://www.dougwalton.ca/papers%20in%20pdf/01roots.pdf|title=Argumentation Schemes and Historical Origins of the Circumstantial Ad Hominem Argument|issue=2|doi=10.1023/A:1011120100277|s2cid=16864574|issn=0920-427X }} |
|||
*{{cite book |last=Walton|first= Douglas N.|author-link=Douglas N. Walton|title=Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BpRUGM8nOdwC|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-82319-7}} |
|||
*{{cite book |last=Walton|first= Douglas N.|author-link=Douglas N. Walton|title=Informal Logic: A Pragmatic Approach |year=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }} |
|||
*{{cite book |last=Walton|first= Douglas N.|author-link=Douglas N. Walton|chapter=informal logic|editor = Audi Robert |title=The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OfoNngEACAAJ|year=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-01505-0}} |
|||
*{{cite book|last=Weston|first=Anthony |title=A Rulebook for Arguments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XhVNDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|publisher=Hackett Publishing Company, Incorporated|isbn=978-1-62466-655-1}} |
|||
*{{cite journal |last= Wong|first= Andrew David|date= 2017|title= Unmitigated Skepticism: The Nature and Scope of Pyrrhonism |publisher= [[University of California]]|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt6fk1n2b1/qt6fk1n2b1.pdf }} |
|||
*{{cite book|last= Wrisley|first=George|editor1= Robert Arp|editor2= Steven Barbone|editor3= Michael Bruce|chapter=Ad Hominem: Circumstantial| year=2019|title=Bad Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Fallacies in Western Philosophy|publisher= Wiley Blackwell|isbn=978-1-119-16580-4|pages=77–82|doi=10.1002/9781119165811.ch9}} |
|||
*{{cite book|last=Zigliara|first=Tommaso|edition=12|title=Summa philosophica in usum scholarum|volume=1|year=1900|location=Paris|publisher=Briguet|author-link=Tommaso Maria Zigliara}} |
|||
{{Informele dwalings|state=uncollapsed}} |
{{Informele dwalings|state=uncollapsed}} |
||
{{Normdata}} |
{{Normdata}} |
||
[[Kategorie:Latynse uitdrukkings]] |
[[Kategorie:Latynse uitdrukkings]] |
||
[[Kategorie:Propaganda]] |
[[Kategorie:Propaganda]] |
Wysiging soos op 15:32, 20 Junie 2022
Ad hominem is 'n Latynse uitdrukking wat beteken "op die man". In 'n debat noem mens 'n argument ad hominem as dit betrekking het op 'n persoon wat 'n stelling maak, en nie op die stelling self nie. Reputasie, beweringe en hoorsê word dus ingespan om 'n argument te wen. Daar moet teen sulke stellings gewaak word omdat dit onbehoorlik en onregverdig is en dikwels vir propaganda ingespan word.
Die ad-hominem-redenering het die volgende vorm:
- A maak bewering 'X'.
- B sê daar is iets met A verkeerd.
- Dus, bewering 'X' moet onwaar wees.
Voorbeeld:
- Jannie sê iets, waarna Piet sê dat Jannie al vantevore gejok het en daarmee impliseer dat wat Jannie nou sê ook 'n leuen is.
Kyk ook
Bronne
- Bowell, Tracy; Kemp, Gary (2010). Critical Thinking: A Concise Guide. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-47183-1.
- Copi, Irving M. (1986). Informal Logic. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-324940-2.
- Hansen, Hans (2019). "Fallacies". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Kolb, Leigh (2019). "Guilt by Association". In Robert Arp; Steven Barbone; Michael Bruce (reds.). Bad Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Fallacies in Western Philosophy. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 351–353. doi:10.1002/9781119165811.ch83. ISBN 978-1-119-16580-4.
- Lavery, Jonathan; Hughes, Willam (2008). Critical Thinking, fifth edition: An Introduction to the Basic Skills. Broadview Press. ISBN 978-1-77048-111-4.
- Merriam-Webster (2019). "Definition of Ad Hominem". Besoek op 8 Januarie 2020.
- Olivesi, Aurélie (5 April 2010). "L'interrogation sur la compétence politique en 2007 : une question de genre ?". Quaderni (in Frans) (72): 59–74. doi:10.4000/quaderni.486. ISSN 0987-1381.
- Orkibi, Eithan (27 Februarie 2018). "Precedential Ad Hominem in Polemical Exchange: Examples from the Israeli Political Debate". Argumentation. 32 (4): 485–499. doi:10.1007/s10503-018-9453-2. ISSN 0920-427X. S2CID 149120204.
- Sommers, Christina (Maart 1991). "Argumentum ad feminam". Journal of Social Philosophy (in Engels). 22 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9833.1991.tb00016.x. ISSN 0047-2786.
- Taylor, Charles (1995). "Explanation and Practical Reason". Philosophical Arguments. Harvard University Press. pp. 34–60. ISBN 978-0674664760.
- Tindale, Christopher W. (2007). Fallacies and Argument Appraisal. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-46184-9.
- van Eemeren, F. H. (2001). Crucial Concepts in Argumentation Theory. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-5356-523-0.
- van Eemeren, Frans H.; Grootendorst, Rob (2015). "The History of the Argumentum Ad Hominem Since the Seventeenth Century". Argumentation Library. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20955-5_32. ISBN 978-3-319-20954-8. ISSN 1566-7650.
- Walton, Douglas N. (1998). Ad Hominem Arguments. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-0922-0.
- Walton, Douglas N. (2001). "Argumentation Schemes and Historical Origins of the Circumstantial Ad Hominem Argument" (PDF). Argumentation. 15 (2): 207–221. doi:10.1023/A:1011120100277. ISSN 0920-427X. S2CID 16864574.
- Walton, Douglas N. (2006). Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82319-7.
- Walton, Douglas N. (2008). Informal Logic: A Pragmatic Approach. Cambridge University Press.
- Walton, Douglas N. (2015). "informal logic". In Audi Robert (red.). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01505-0.
- Weston, Anthony (2018). A Rulebook for Arguments. Hackett Publishing Company, Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-62466-655-1.
- Wong, Andrew David (2017). "Unmitigated Skepticism: The Nature and Scope of Pyrrhonism" (PDF). University of California.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(hulp) - Wrisley, George (2019). "Ad Hominem: Circumstantial". In Robert Arp; Steven Barbone; Michael Bruce (reds.). Bad Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Fallacies in Western Philosophy. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 77–82. doi:10.1002/9781119165811.ch9. ISBN 978-1-119-16580-4.
- Zigliara, Tommaso (1900). Summa philosophica in usum scholarum. Vol. 1 (12 uitg.). Paris: Briguet.