Wys bron van Dwelmoorlog in Meksiko

{{Inligtingskas Militêre konflik
|konflik = Dwelmoorlog in Meksiko
|deelvan = 
|beeld = [[Lêer:Mexican States with mafia conflicts.png|300px]]
|byskrif = Uitbreiding van die dwelmoorlog in Meksiko.
|datum = [[11 Desember]] [[2006]] <small>(Begin van die ''Operasie Michoacan''<ref name= war>{{en}} {{cite news | first=Ioan | last=Grillo | title=Mexico cracks down on violence | date=11 Desember 2006  | url =http://www.seattlepi.com/national/295578_mexico12.html | work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|agency=Associated Press | pages = | accessdate = 29 November 2006| language = }}</ref>)</small> – ''onlangs''
|plek = [[Deelstate van Meksiko|Meksikaanse deelstaate]] [[Baja California]], [[Durango]], [[Sinaloa]], [[Guerrero]], [[Chihuahua (deelstaat)|Chihuahua]], [[Michoacán]], [[Tamaulipas]], [[Nuevo León]], [[Veracruz]], [[Coahuila]], [[Jalisco]], [[San Luis Potosí]], [[Nayarit]], [[Zacatecas]], [[Oaxaca]], [[Morelos]] en [[Sonora]].<ref>{{es}} {{cite news|title=El narco se expande en México|url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=937be705b8bb9a53102ce6df63c36ec1|accessdate=7 April 2013|newspaper=New America Media|archive-date=25 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125160412/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=937be705b8bb9a53102ce6df63c36ec1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|gebied = 
|resultaat = ''Voortdurend''
|party1 = {{vlagland|Meksiko}}
* Weermag
* Lugmag
* Vloot
* Mariniers
* Federale polisie
* Staats- en Munisipale polisiedienste
* Prokureur-generaal
* Ministeriële federale polisie
<hr />
'''Ondersteun deur:'''<br />{{vlagland|Colombia}}<br />{{vlagland|Kanada}}<br />{{vlagland|Verenigde State}}
|party2 = Dwelmkartelle*
* Sinaloa-kartel<ref name="ReferenceC">{{en}} [http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=107# Database – Uppsala Conflict Data Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603062922/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=107 |date= 3 Junie 2013 }}. UCDP. Besoek op 21 September 2013.</ref>
* Golf-kartel<ref name="ReferenceC" />
* Juárez-kartel<ref name="ReferenceC" />
* Tempelridders-kartel<ref name="ReferenceC" />
* Tijuana-kartel<ref name="ReferenceC" />
* <s>La Familia-kartel</s><ref name="ReferenceC" />
* Los Zetas-kartel<ref name="ReferenceC" />
* <s>Beltrán-Leyva-kartel</s><ref name="ReferenceC" />
* Jalisco Nuwe generasiekartel<ref name="ReferenceC" />
* Onafhanklike kartel van Acapulco<ref name="ReferenceC" />
* La Barredora-kartel<ref name="ReferenceC" />
<hr />
<small>''* Die groepe wat hier gelys word werk nie noodwendig saam nie, maar is almal betrokke in 'n stryd teen mekaar.''</small>
|party3 = 
|aanvoerder1 = Enrique Peña Nieto<br />
Vidal Francisco Soberón Sanz<br />
Salvador Cienfuegos Zepeda<br />
Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong<br />
Jesús Murillo Karam<br />
Felipe Calderón<br />
Mariano Francisco Saynez Mendoza<br />
Guillermo Galván Galván<br />
Marisela Morales<br />
Sergio Aponte Polito<ref name=Aponte>{{cite news |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/laplaza/2008/04/mexican-general.html |title=Mexican general makes explosive accusations |publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=23 April 2008 |access-date=12 Mei 2010 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414010220/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/laplaza/2008/04/mexican-general.html |archive-date=14 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|aanvoerder2 = Joaquín Guzmán Loera<br />
Ismael Zambada García<br />
Ignacio Coronel Villarreal (†)<br />
Antonio Cárdenas Guillén (†)<br />
Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez<br />
Vicente Carrillo Fuentes<br />
Luis Fernando Sánchez Arellano<br />
Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano (†)<br />
Miguel Treviño Morales<br />
Arturo Beltrán Leyva (†)<br />
Héctor Beltrán Leyva<br />
Nazario Moreno González (†)
|aanvoerder3 = 
|sterkte1 = 270&nbsp;000 soldate<ref>{{en}} {{cite news | title=Four Gunmen Die in Clash with Mexican Troops | date=4 Maart 2010 | publisher=Latin American Herald Tribune | url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=352959&CategoryId=14091 | work= | pages= | accessdate=7 April 2013 | archive-date=13 Julie 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713182220/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=352959&CategoryId=14091 | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />35&nbsp;000 federale polisie<ref>{{cite news |first=Rafael |last=Romo |title=Mexico sees hope among drug violence |date=9 Februarie 2011 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/02/09/mexico.violence/index.html?hpt=C2 |work=CNN News |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414010258/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/02/09/mexico.violence/index.html?hpt=C2 |archive-date=14 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|sterkte2 = 100&nbsp;000 voetsoldate<ref>{{en}} [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/mar/03/100000-foot-soldiers-in-cartels/ EXCLUSIVE: 100,000 foot soldiers in Mexican cartels]</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://archive.is/20120527050834/www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/93311 Mexico Federal Troops and police rush into Juarez to try and retake the city]</ref><ref>{{en}} [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,504139,00.html U.S. Says Threat of Mexican Drug Cartels Approaching 'Crisis Proportions']</ref>
|sterkte3 = 
|ongevalle1 = +1&nbsp;000 polisielede en aanklaers vermoor<ref>{{cite news |first=Maria de la Luz |last=Gonzales |title=Suman 10 mil 475 ejecuciones en esta administracion: PGR |date=25 Maart 2009 |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/166613.html |work=El Universal |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101120527/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/166613.html |archive-date=1 November 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
138 soldate vermoor<ref name='conteo agosto 2011'>{{cite news |first=Silvia |last=Otero |title=Con 'La Teniente', Marina tendra su serie de TV |date=19 Augustus 2011 |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/787223.html |work=El Universal |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225233256/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/787223.html |archive-date=25 Desember 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
14 Marines vermoor<ref name='conteo agosto 2011' /><br />
318 Federale polisie vermoor<ref name='conteo agosto 2011' /><br />
58 joernaliste vermoor<ref>{{cite news |title=Alarmante, situación de periodistas en México |date=10 Januarie 2010 |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/columnas/81750.html |work=El Universal |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301143708/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/columnas/81750.html |archive-date=1 Maart 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
~1&nbsp;000 kinders vermoor<ref>{{es}} {{cite document | first = Valeria |last = Geremia | author2 = Juan Martín Pérez García | title = INFORME ALTERNATIVO SOBRE EL PROTOCOLO FACULTATIVO DE LA CONVENCIÓN SOBRE LOS DERECHOS DEL NIÑO | publisher = Red por los Derechos de la Infancia en México | page = 25 | date = Januarie 2011 | url = http://www.derechosinfancia.org.mx/iaespanol.pdf| access-date = 23 Augustus 2012 | archive-date = 12 Augustus 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110812204630/http://www.derechosinfancia.org.mx/iaespanol.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{es}} {{cite news | title = En menos de 5 años han muerto más de mil niños a manos del narco | date = 19 Maart 2011 | url = http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&id_nota=723220 | work = Excelsior | accessdate = 7 April 2013}}</ref>
|ongevalle2 = 121&nbsp;199 kartellede aangehou<ref>{{cite news |title=Oficial: más de 22 mil 700 muertos por violencia |date=13 April 2010 |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/672485.html |work=El Universal |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103095427/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/672485.html |archive-date= 3 Januarie 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />8&nbsp;500 skuldig bevind<ref>{{cite news |first=José Luis |last=Ruiz |title=Guerra al narco asfixia penales |date=10 Januarie 2011 |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/736097.html |work=El Universal |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102201204/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/736097.html |archive-date=2 Januarie 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|ongevalle3 = 62 vermoor in 2006<ref name=governmentStatistics>{{es}} El Universal [http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/672485.html Oficial: más de 22 mil 700 muertos por violencia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103095427/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/672485.html |date= 3 Januarie 2015 }}</ref><br />
2&nbsp;837 vermoor in 2007<ref name= governmentStatistics /><br />
6&nbsp;844 vermoor in 2008<ref name= governmentStatistics /><br />
11&nbsp;753 vermoor in 2009<ref name= governmentStatistics /><br />
19&nbsp;546 vermoor in 2010<ref>{{cite news |first1=Jorge Ramos |last1=Pérez |title=La lucha anticrimen deja 34 mil muertes en 4 años |date=13 Januarie 2011 |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/183027.html |work=El Universal |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102084840/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/183027.html |archive-date=2 November 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mexico's Drug War: Number of dead passes 30,000 |date=16 Desember 2010 |publisher=The BBC |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12012425 |work=BBC |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414010412/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12012425 |archive-date=14 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
24&nbsp;068 vermoor in 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sites.google.com/site/policereform/ |title=Mexico Total Dead (2011) |publisher=WM Consulting |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802202021/https://sites.google.com/site/policereform/ |archive-date=2 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Mariano |last1=Castillo |title=2011 drug violence kills nearly 13,000 in Mexico, new figures show |date=11 Januarie 2011 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/11/world/americas/mexico-death-toll/index.html?hpt=hp_t2 |work=CNN News |access-date=7 April 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019163107/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/11/world/americas/mexico-death-toll/index.html?hpt=hp_t2 |archive-date=19 Oktober 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=newyear>{{en}} {{cite news | first1 = William | last1=Booth | title = In Mexico, 12,000 killed in drug violence in 2011 | date = 2 Januarie 2012 | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-mexico-12000-killed-in-drug-violence-in-2011/2012/01/02/gIQAcGUdWP_story.html | work = Washington Post | accessdate = 7 April 2013}}</ref><br />
18&nbsp;061 vermoor tot 31 Oktober 2012<ref>{{es}} {{cite news | title = El narco asesina a tres mil 810 en lo que va del año | date = 5 Mei 2012 | url = http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&seccion=seccion-nacional&cat=1&id_nota=831842 | work = Excelsior | accessdate = 7 April 2013}}</ref><br />
Totaal: 90&nbsp;000-106&nbsp;000 vermoor<br />
+6&nbsp;800 vermoor in 2013 onder president Nieto<ref name="excelsior.com">{{es}} {{cite web|url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/leo-zuckermann/2013/07/15/908880 |title=Siete meses del sexenio de Peña: casi siete mil ejecuciones|publisher=Excelsior |date= |accessdate=2013-07-15}}</ref><br />
Totale skatting van sterfgevalle (wisselend): 83&nbsp;191+ tydens die presidentskap van Felipe Calderon. 6&nbsp;800+ vermoor tydens die eerste drie maande onder president Enrique Nieto<ref name="aljazeera.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/03/201333042622382309.html |title=Shooting at Mexico bar leaves many dead – Americas |publisher=Al Jazeera English |access-date=22 April 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009114451/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/03/201333042622382309.html |archive-date=9 Oktober 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> = 90&nbsp;000+<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite news |title=Mexico's drug war is at a stalemate as Calderon's presidency ends |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/calderon-finishes-his-six-year-drug-war-at-stalemate/2012/11/26/82c90a94-31eb-11e2-92f0-496af208bf23_story_1.html |access-date=1 Desember 2012 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=26 November 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6CZeogKMw?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/calderon-finishes-his-six-year-drug-war-at-stalemate/2012/11/26/82c90a94-31eb-11e2-92f0-496af208bf23_story_1.html |archive-date= 1 Desember 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost.com" /><br />
Totaal verplaas: 1,6 miljoen<ref>{{cite news |title=Desplazados, tragedia silenciosa en México |url=http://eleconomista.com.mx/seguridad-publica/2012/01/07/desplazados-tragedia-silenciosa-mexico |access-date=7 April 2013 |newspaper=El Economista |date=7 Januarie 2012 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701025822/http://eleconomista.com.mx/seguridad-publica/2012/01/07/desplazados-tragedia-silenciosa-mexico |archive-date=1 Julie 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|notas = 
}}

[[Lêer:Mexico cartel map May 2010.svg|duimnael|links|Gebiede van die Meksikaanse dwelmkartelle in 2010:
{{legend|red|Tijuana-kartel}}
{{legend|orange|Beltrán Leyva-kartel}}
{{legend|yellow|Sinaloa-kartel}}
{{legend|olive|Juárez-kartel}}
{{legend|green|La Familia Michoacana}}
{{legend|cyan|Golfkartel}}
{{legend|blue|Los Zetas}}
{{legend|lightgray|Omstrede gebiede}}]]
[[Lêer:Drug-War Related Murders in Mexico 2006-2011.png|duimnael|links|Moorde in Meksiko sedert 2006 met betrekking in die dwelmoorlog.]]
Die '''Dwelmoorlog in Meksiko''' ([[Spaans]]: ''Guerra contra el narcotráfico en México'') is 'n [[Asimmetriese oorlogvoering|asimmetriese oorlog]] tussen die [[Meksiko|Meksikaanse staat]] en die Meksikaanse dwelmkartelle, wat amptelik op [[11 Desember]] [[2006]] met ''Operasie Michoacan'' onder president Felipe Calderón begin het. Reeds in die 1990's en vroeë 2000's het gewelddadige konflikte tussen die dwelmkartelle en die regering onder president Vicente Fox plaasgevind.

Die belangrikste rede vir die oorlog is die dwelmhandel na die [[Verenigde State]] en [[Kanada]], wat die kartelle tot 90% oorheers. Intussen is die kartelle ook in onwettige transaksies soos smokkelhandel van mense, wapensmokkelary en [[prostitusie]] betrokke.

Die invloedsfeer van die kartelle strek van [[Vancouver]] in Kanada tot die VSA, vanaf [[Guatemala]] tot [[Colombia]] en [[Wes-Afrika]]. In Noord-Meksiko aan die grens met die VSA het die kartelle die staat se houvas op vrede en geregtigheid geneutraliseer. So is [[Ciudad Juárez]], aan die grens met die VSA, sedert die begin van die oorlog die stad met die meeste moorde per jaar. Elke dag word gemiddeld sewe mense vermoor.

== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}

== Bronne ==
* {{en}} Vulliamy, Ed, ''Amexica: War Along the Borderline'', Bodley Head, 2010. ISBN 978-1-84792-128-4
* {{en}} Grillo, Ioan, ''El Narco: Inside Mexico's Criminal Insurgency'', Bloomsburry Publishing, 2011. ISBN 978-1-60819-211-3
* {{en}} Gutierrez Aire, Jose, ''Blood, Death, Drugs & Sex in Old Mexico'' CreateSpace, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4775-9227-4

== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|Mexican Drug War|Dwelmoorlog in Meksiko}}
* {{es}} [http://www.sedena.gob.mx/pdf/ocn/1808.pdf Resultate gerapporteer deur die Ministerie van Verdediging, oorsig van 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616032749/http://www.sedena.gob.mx/pdf/ocn/1808.pdf |date=16 Junie 2013 }}
* {{es}} [http://www.seguridadpublicaenmexico.org.mx/ Misdaadstatistiek in Meksiko]
* {{en}} [http://stanford.edu/~dkronick/mexico_crime/ Interaktiewe kaart van die dwelmoorlog volgens deelstate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314192134/http://stanford.edu/~dkronick/mexico_crime/ |date=14 Maart 2012 }}

{{Geskiedenis van Meksiko}}

[[Kategorie:Dwelms]]
[[Kategorie:Geskiedenis van Meksiko]]
[[Kategorie:Oorloë]]
[[Kategorie:Politiek van Meksiko]]