Bosvleis: Verskil tussen weergawes

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Wysiging soos op 12:33, 8 Julie 2022

Moenie met wildsvleis verwar word nie.

Bosvleis is vleis van wilde diere wat onwettig vir menslike gebruik gejag word, veral met wildstropery in Afrika. Bosvleis verskaf diereproteïene en 'n manier om geld te maak aan bewoners van tropiese woudstreke in Afrika, Asië en Latyns-Amerika.^[1] Bosvleis is 'n belangrike kosbron vir arm mense, veral in plattelandse gebiede.^[2]

Die aantal diere wat in die 1990's in Wes- en Sentraal-Afrika doodgemaak en as bosvleis verkoop is, word as onvolhoubaar beskou.^[3] Teen 2005 is die kommersiële handel in bosvleis as 'n bedreiging vir biodiversiteit beskou.^[4] In 2016 het uitsterwing 301 soorte aardsoogdiere in die gesig gestaar weens die jag vir bosvleis in ontwikkelende lande, van onder meer primate, ewehoewiges, vlermuise, buideldiere, knaagdiere en karnivore.^[5]

Bosvleis vergroot die risiko om verskeie virusse van diere na mense oor te dra, soos die ebolavirus en MIV.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Verwysings

↑ Nasi, R.; Brown, D.; Wilkie, D.; Bennett, E.; Tutin, C.; Van Tol, G.; Christophersen, T. (2008). Conservation and use of wildlife-based resources: the bushmeat crisis (PDF). CBD Technical Series no. 33. Montreal and Bogor: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). pp. 1–50.
↑ Bennett, E. L.; Blencowe, E.; Brandon, K.; Brown, D.; Burn, R. W.; Cowlishaw, G.; Davies, G.; Dublin, H.; Fa, J. E.; Milner‐Gulland, E. J.; Robinson, J. G.; Rowcliffe, J. M.; Underwood, F. M.; Wilkie, D. S. (2007). "Hunting for consensus: reconciling bushmeat harvest, conservation, and development policy in West and Central Africa". Conservation Biology. 21 (3): 884–887. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00595.x. PMID 17531066. S2CID 38428707.
↑ Bowen-Jones, E.; Pendry, S. (1999). "The threats to primates and other mammals from the bushmeat trade in Africa and how this could be diminished". Oryx. 33 (3): 233–247. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00066.x.
↑ Cowlishaw, G.; Mendelson, S.; Rowcliffe, J. (2005). "Evidence for post‐depletion sustainability in a mature bushmeat market". Journal of Applied Ecology. 42 (3): 460–468. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01046.x.
↑ Ripple, W. J.; Abernethy, K.; Betts, M. G.; Chapron, G.; Dirzo, R.; Galetti, M.; Levi, T.; Lindsey, P. A.; Macdonald, D. W.; Machovina, B.; Newsome, T. M.; Peres, C. A.; Wallach, A. D.; Wolf, C.; Young, H. (2016). "Bushmeat hunting and extinction risk to the world's mammals". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160498. Bibcode:2016RSOS....360498R. doi:10.1098/rsos.160498. PMC 5098989. PMID 27853564.
↑ Georges-Courbot, M. C.; Sanchez, A.; Lu, C. Y.; Baize, S.; Leroy, E.; Lansout-Soukate, J.; Tévi-Bénissan, C.; Georges, A. J.; Trappier, S. G.; Zaki, S. R.; Swanepoel, R.; Leman, P. A.; Rollin, P. E.; Peters, C. J.; Nichol, S. T.; Ksiazek, T. G. (1997). "Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Ebola viruses causing different outbreaks in Gabon". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 3 (1): 59–62. doi:10.3201/eid0301.970107. PMC 2627600. PMID 9126445.
↑ McMichael, A. J. (2002). "Population, environment, disease, and survival: past patterns, uncertain futures" (PDF). The Lancet. 359 (9312): 1145–1148. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08164-3. PMID 11943282.
↑ Karesh, W. B.; Noble, E. (2009). "The bushmeat trade: Increased opportunities for transmission of zoonotic disease". Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine. 76 (5): 429–444. doi:10.1002/msj.20139. PMID 19787649.

Skakels

Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik uit die Engelse Wikipedia vertaal.

[Nasi_al2008-1] Nasi, R.; Brown, D.; Wilkie, D.; Bennett, E.; Tutin, C.; Van Tol, G.; Christophersen, T. (2008). Conservation and use of wildlife-based resources: the bushmeat crisis (PDF). CBD Technical Series no. 33. Montreal and Bogor: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). pp. 1–50.

[Bennett_al2007-2] Bennett, E. L.; Blencowe, E.; Brandon, K.; Brown, D.; Burn, R. W.; Cowlishaw, G.; Davies, G.; Dublin, H.; Fa, J. E.; Milner‐Gulland, E. J.; Robinson, J. G.; Rowcliffe, J. M.; Underwood, F. M.; Wilkie, D. S. (2007). "Hunting for consensus: reconciling bushmeat harvest, conservation, and development policy in West and Central Africa". Conservation Biology. 21 (3): 884–887. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00595.x. PMID 17531066. S2CID 38428707.

[Bowen-Jones1999-3] Bowen-Jones, E.; Pendry, S. (1999). "The threats to primates and other mammals from the bushmeat trade in Africa and how this could be diminished". Oryx. 33 (3): 233–247. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00066.x.

[4] Cowlishaw, G.; Mendelson, S.; Rowcliffe, J. (2005). "Evidence for post‐depletion sustainability in a mature bushmeat market". Journal of Applied Ecology. 42 (3): 460–468. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01046.x.

[Ripple_al2016-5] Ripple, W. J.; Abernethy, K.; Betts, M. G.; Chapron, G.; Dirzo, R.; Galetti, M.; Levi, T.; Lindsey, P. A.; Macdonald, D. W.; Machovina, B.; Newsome, T. M.; Peres, C. A.; Wallach, A. D.; Wolf, C.; Young, H. (2016). "Bushmeat hunting and extinction risk to the world's mammals". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160498. Bibcode:2016RSOS....360498R. doi:10.1098/rsos.160498. PMC 5098989. PMID 27853564.

[Georges-Courbot1997-6] Georges-Courbot, M. C.; Sanchez, A.; Lu, C. Y.; Baize, S.; Leroy, E.; Lansout-Soukate, J.; Tévi-Bénissan, C.; Georges, A. J.; Trappier, S. G.; Zaki, S. R.; Swanepoel, R.; Leman, P. A.; Rollin, P. E.; Peters, C. J.; Nichol, S. T.; Ksiazek, T. G. (1997). "Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Ebola viruses causing different outbreaks in Gabon". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 3 (1): 59–62. doi:10.3201/eid0301.970107. PMC 2627600. PMID 9126445.

[McMichael2002-7] McMichael, A. J. (2002). "Population, environment, disease, and survival: past patterns, uncertain futures" (PDF). The Lancet. 359 (9312): 1145–1148. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08164-3. PMID 11943282.

[Karesh_al2009-8] Karesh, W. B.; Noble, E. (2009). "The bushmeat trade: Increased opportunities for transmission of zoonotic disease". Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine. 76 (5): 429–444. doi:10.1002/msj.20139. PMID 19787649.

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