Katastrofiese besering: Verskil tussen weergawes

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== Verwysings ==
== Verwysings ==
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== Bronne ==

*{{cite journal|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|title=Facial protection and head injuries in ice hockey: a systematic review|last1=Asplund|first1=C|last2=Bettcher|first2=S.|last3=Borchers|first3=J.|date=December 2009|volume=43|issue=12|pages=993–999|doi=10.1136/bjsm.2009.060152|pmid=19703823|s2cid=11809569}}
*{{cite book|title=The Injury Fact Book|last1=Baker|first1=Susan P.|last2=O'Neill|first2=Brian|last3=Ginsburg|first3=Marvin J.|last4=Li|first4=Guohua|edition=2|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1992|isbn=9780195061949}}
*
*{{cite journal|journal= Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons|title=Direct catastrophic injury in sports|last=Boden|first=Barry P.|volume=13|issue=7|pages=445–454|date=November 2005|pmid=16272269|doi=10.5435/00124635-200511000-00004|s2cid=29236063}}
*
*{{cite journal|journal=American Journal of Sports Medicine|title=Declining incidence of catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French rugby 1996–2006|last1=Bohu|first1=Yoann|last2=Julia|first2=Marc|last3=Bagate|first3=Christian|last4=Peyrin|first4=Jean-Claude|last5=Colonna|first5=Jean-Pierre|last6=Thoreux|first6=Patricia|last7=Pascal-Moussellard|first7=Hugues|s2cid=206523541|date=February 2009|volume=37|issue=3|pages=319–323|doi=10.1177/0363546508325926 |pmid=19182111}}
*{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Pediatric Surgery|title=All-terrain vehicle and bicycle crashes in children: epidemiology and comparison of injury severity| last1=Brown|first1=R.L.|last2=Koepplinger|first2=M.E.|last3=Mehlman|first3=C.T.|last4=Gittelman|first4=M|last5=Garcia|first5=V.F.|volume=37|issue=3|pages=375–380|date=March 2002|pmid=11877651|doi=10.1053/jpsu.2002.30826}}
*
*{{cite book|series=Medicine and Sport Science|title=Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries|editor1-last=Caine|editor1-first=Dennis J.|editor2-last=Maffulli|editor2-first=Nicola|volume=48|publisher=Karger Publishers|year=2005|isbn=9783805578684}}
*
*
*{{cite book|title=Preventing Sudden Death in Sport and Physical Activity|editor-last=Casa|editor-first=Douglas J.|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|year=2011|isbn=9781449647049}}
*
*{{Cite report|title=Catastrophic injuries in Rugby Union: An Assessment of the risk|last=Fuller|first=Colin W.|date=2007-07-12|url=https://documents.pub/document/catastrophic-injuries-in-rugby-union-an-assessment-of-the-risk.html?page=1}}
*{{cite book|title=The Adult and Pediatric Spine|editor1-last=Frymoyer|editor1-first=John W.|editor2-last=Wiesel|editor2-first=Sam W.|edition=3|volume=2|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|year=2004|isbn=9780781735490}}
*{{cite book|series=Special Testing Publications|title=Safety in American Football|volume=1305|editor-last=Hoerner|editor-first=Earl F.|publisher=ASTM International|year=1997|isbn=9780803124004}}
*
*{{cite journal|journal=West African Journal of Medicine|title=Relationship between load carrying on the head and cervical spondylosis in Ghanaians|last1=Jumah|first1=K.B.|last2=Nyame|first2=P.K.|volume=13|issue=3|pages=181–182|date=July 1994|pmid=7841112}}
*{{cite book|series=Medical Radiology: Diagnostic Imaging|title=Sports Injuries in Children and Adolescents|editor-last=Karantanas|editor-first=Apostolos H.|publisher=Springer|year=2011|isbn=9783540885900}}
*{{cite journal|journal=The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics|title=ATVs—The Hidden Danger|last=Kitzes|first=William F.|volume=17|issue=1|pages=86–93|date=March 1989|doi=10.1111/j.1748-720X.1989.tb01076.x|pmid=2770352 |s2cid=40549366}}
*{{cite journal|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|title=Catastrophic injuries in the Olympic styles of wrestling in Iran|last1=Kordi|first1=R.|last2=Akbarnejad|first2=A.|last3=Wallace|first3=W.A.|date=March 2010|volume=44|issue=3|pages=168–174|pmid=18603585|doi=10.1136/bjsm.2008.046870|s2cid=22347274}}
*
*
*{{cite journal|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|title=Preventing head and neck injury|last1=McIntosh|first1=Andrew S.|last2=McCrory|first2=Paul|date=June 2005|volume=39|issue=6|pages=314–318|pmid=15911597|pmc=1725244|doi=10.1136/bjsm.2005.018200}}
*{{cite journal|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|title=Head, face and neck injury in youth rugby: incidence and risk factors|last1=McIntosh|first1=Andrew S.|last2=McCrory|first2=Paul|last3=Finch|first3=Caroline F.|last4=Wolfe|first4=Rory|date=March 2010|volume=44|issue=3|pages=188–193|pmid=18385188|doi=10.1136/bjsm.2007.041400|s2cid=30594133|url=http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/44/3/188.full.pdf|doi-access=free}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/2775-girls-dangerous-sport-cheerleading.html|title=Girls' Most Dangerous Sport: Cheerleading|publisher=LiveScience|date=2008-08-11|access-date=2013-01-18|ref={{harvid|LiveScience|2008}} }}
*{{cite book|title=ACSM's Primary Care Sports Medicine|editor1-last=McKeag|editor1-first=Douglas B.|editor2-last=Moeller|editor2-first=James L.|edition=2|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|year=2007|isbn=9780781770286}}
*{{cite book|title=Rehabilitation and Health Assessment: Applying ICF Guidelines|editor1-last=Mpofu|editor1-first=Elias|editor2-last=Oakland|editor2-first=Thomas|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|year=2009|isbn=9780826157348}}
*{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Athletic Training|title=Catastrophic Head Injuries in High School and Collegiate Sports|last=Mueller|first=Frederick O.|date=July 2001|volume=36|issue=3|pages=312–315|pmc=155424|pmid=12937502}}
*{{cite book|title=Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention|editor1-last=Nahum|editor1-first=Alan M.|editor2-last=Melvin|editor2-first=John W.|edition=2|publisher=Springer|year=2001|isbn=9780387988207}}
*
*{{cite book|title=Concepts of Athletic Training|last1=Pfeiffer|first1=Ronald P.|last2=Mangus|first2=Brent C.|edition=5|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers|year=2008|isbn=9780763749491|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conceptsofathlet0005pfei}}
*
*
*{{cite book|title=Textbook of Family Medicine|last1=Rakel|first1=David|last2=Rakel|first2=Robert E.|edition=8|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2011|isbn=9781437735673}}
*{{cite journal|journal=Sports Medicine|title=Spine Fractures in Winter Sports|last1=Reid|first1=D.C.|last2=Saboe|first2=L.|s2cid=23442072|date=June 1989|volume=7|issue=6|pages=393–399|issn=0112-1642|pmid=2662325|doi=10.2165/00007256-198907060-00004}}
*{{cite book|series=Lippincott-Raven Spiral Manual|title=Manual of Sports Medicine|editor1-last=Safran|editor1-first=Marc R.|editor2-last=McKeag|editor2-first=Douglas|editor3-last=van Camp|editor3-first=Steven P.|publisher=Lippincott Raven|year=1998|isbn=9780781712224}}
*{{cite book|title=Athletic Training and Sports Medicine|editor-last=Schenck|editor-first=Robert C.|edition=3|publisher=American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons|year=1999|isbn=9780892031726}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120416130313.htm|title=Football-related catastrophic brain injuries on the rise|website=ScienceDaily|date=2012-04-16|access-date=2012-01-18|ref={{harvid|ScienceDaily|2012}} }}
*{{cite book|title=Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury|editor1-last=Silver|editor1-first=Jonathan M|editor2-last=McAllister|editor2-first=Thomas W.|editor3-last=Yudofsky|editor3-first=Stuart C.|edition=2|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|year=2011|isbn=9781585623570}}
*
*{{cite news|url=http://www.uofmhealth.org/news/1237cheerleading-is-leading-cause-of-injury|title=Cheerleading is leading cause of catastrophic injury in young women|publisher=University of Michigan Health System|date=3 August 2009|access-date=2013-04-15|ref={{harvid|University of Michigan Health System|2009}} }}


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Wysiging soos op 00:20, 28 Maart 2023

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'n Katastrofiese besering is 'n ernstige besering aan die ruggraat, rugmurg of brein.[1] Dit kan ook skedel- of ruggraatfrakture insluit.[2] Sodanige besering is 'n ernstige, lewensveranderende gebeurtenisse wat aftakelende uitwerking op individue, gesinne en gemeenskappe kan hê. Hierdie tipe beserings sluit ook in traumatiese breinbeserings, rugmurgbeserings, ernstige brandwonde, amputasies en veelvuldige frakture. Hulle lei dikwels tot langtermyn ongeskiktheid en vereis uitgebreide mediese sorg, rehabilitasie en ondersteuningsdienste.

Oorsake van katastrofiese beserings

Katastrofiese beserings kan voortspruit uit verskeie oorsake, insluitend motorvoertuigongelukke, werkplekongelukke, mediese wanpraktyke, sportbeserings en geweld. Motorongelukke is een van die hoofoorsake van katastrofiese beserings, wat verantwoordelik is vir meer as die helfte van alle gevalle. Werkplekongelukke is nog 'n algemene oorsaak, veral in nywerhede soos konstruksie, vervaardiging en vervoer.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Catastrophic_Injury.png
Katastrofiese besering

Uitwerking van katastrofiese beserings

Die gevolge van katastrofiese beserings kan vernietigend wees, beide vir die beseerde persoon en hul geliefdes. Hierdie beserings vereis tipies uitgebreide en deurlopende mediese behandeling, insluitend operasies, medikasie en rehabilitasie. Die koste van mediese sorg vir katastrofiese beserings is dikwels buitensporig, en baie mense sukkel om die nodige behandeling te bekostig.

Benewens die fisiese gevolge, kan katastrofiese beserings ook diepgaande sielkundige en emosionele impak hê. Mense met katastrofiese beserings ervaar dikwels depressie, angs, post-traumatiese stresversteuring (PTSD) en ander geestesgesondheidskwessies. Hulle kan ook sosiale isolasie, finansiële probleme en uitdagings in die gesig staar om werk te kry.

Voorkomende maatreëls

Alhoewel katastrofiese beserings onvoorspelbaar kan wees, is daar verskeie voorkomende maatreëls wat kan help om die risiko van sulke beserings te verminder. Dit sluit in:

1. Dra beskermende toerusting: Wanneer jy betrokke raak by hoërisiko-aktiwiteite soos sport, konstruksiewerk, of motorfiets of fiets ry, is dit noodsaaklik om toepaslike beskermende toerusting te dra. Dit sluit helms, handskoene, oogbeskerming en veiligheidsharnas in.

2. Volg veiligheidsprotokolle: Werkgewers moet streng veiligheidsprotokolle in die werkplek implementeer om ongelukke en beserings te voorkom. Dit sluit in die verskaffing van opleiding, die toepassing van veiligheidsreëls en die uitvoer van gereelde inspeksies van toerusting en masjinerie.

3. Vermy riskante gedrag: Mense moet vermy om betrokke te raak by riskante gedrag soos dronkbestuur, afgelei bestuur of dwelmgebruik. Dit is ook noodsaaklik om verkeerswette en regulasies te volg om die risiko van motorvoertuigongelukke te verminder.

4. Soek mediese hulp: As jy in 'n ongeluk betrokke was of 'n ernstige besering opgedoen het, is dit van kardinale belang om onmiddellik mediese hulp te soek. Uitstel van behandeling kan die besering vererger en moontlik tot langtermyn ongeskiktheid lei.

Katastrofiese beserings kan beduidende en blywende uitwerking op individue en gemeenskappe hê. Dit is dikwels voorkombaar deur die implementering van behoorlike veiligheidsmaatreëls en die navolging van beste praktyke. Deur stappe te neem om die risiko van katastrofiese beserings te verminder, kan ons help verseker dat almal gesonde, produktiewe lewens kan lei vry van die verwoestende gevolge van katastrofiese beserings.

Behandeling en rehabilitasie van katastrofiese beserings

Die behandeling en rehabilitasie van katastrofiese beserings vereis dikwels 'n multidissiplinêre benadering wat mediese professionele persone, rehabilitasiespesialiste en ondersteuningsdienste betrek. Die doel van behandeling is om die pasiënt se toestand te stabiliseer, verdere skade te voorkom en genesing te bevorder.

Sodra die pasiënt gestabiliseer is, kan rehabilitasie begin. Dit kan fisiese terapie, arbeidsterapie, spraakterapie en sielkundige berading insluit. Rehabilitasie het ten doel om pasiënte te help om verlore funksies te herwin, hul lewenskwaliteit te verbeter en in die samelewing te herintegreer.

In sommige gevalle kan hulptoestelle soos rolstoele, prosteses of ander mobiliteitshulpmiddels nodig wees om pasiënte te help om daaglikse aktiwiteite uit te voer. Hierdie toestelle kan die pasiënt se onafhanklikheid en lewenskwaliteit aansienlik verbeter.

Regsoorwegings

Katastrofiese beserings kan ook regsimplikasies hê, veral in gevalle waar die besering deur nalatigheid of opsetlike skade veroorsaak is. In sulke gevalle kan die beseerde party 'n regsgeding vir persoonlike besering aanhangig maak om vergoeding te vra vir skade soos mediese uitgawes, verlore lone en pyn en lyding.

Om 'n regsgeding oor persoonlike besering te wen, moet die beseerde party bewys dat die verweerder nalatig was of opsetlik skade berokken het, en dat dit die katastrofiese besering tot gevolg gehad het. Dit is noodsaaklik om 'n ervare prokureur vir persoonlike besering te raadpleeg om jou wetlike regte en opsies te verstaan.

Samevatting

Katastrofiese beserings is ernstige, lewensveranderende gebeurtenisse wat diepgaande uitwerking op individue en gemeenskappe kan hê. Hulle benodig dikwels uitgebreide mediese sorg, rehabilitasie en ondersteuningsdienste, en kan langtermyn ongeskiktheid en finansiële probleme tot gevolg hê.

Verwysings

  1. ↑ Winterstein 2009, p. 85.
  2. ↑ Pfeiffer & Mangus 2008, p. 6.

Bronne

  • Asplund, C; Bettcher, S.; Borchers, J. (Desember 2009). "Facial protection and head injuries in ice hockey: a systematic review". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43 (12): 993–999. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.060152. PMID 19703823. S2CID 11809569.
  • Baker, Susan P.; O'Neill, Brian; Ginsburg, Marvin J.; Li, Guohua (1992). The Injury Fact Book (2 uitg.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195061949.
  • Boden, Barry P. (November 2005). "Direct catastrophic injury in sports". Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 13 (7): 445–454. doi:10.5435/00124635-200511000-00004. PMID 16272269. S2CID 29236063.
  • Bohu, Yoann; Julia, Marc; Bagate, Christian; Peyrin, Jean-Claude; Colonna, Jean-Pierre; Thoreux, Patricia; Pascal-Moussellard, Hugues (Februarie 2009). "Declining incidence of catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French rugby 1996–2006". American Journal of Sports Medicine. 37 (3): 319–323. doi:10.1177/0363546508325926. PMID 19182111. S2CID 206523541.
  • Brown, R.L.; Koepplinger, M.E.; Mehlman, C.T.; Gittelman, M; Garcia, V.F. (Maart 2002). "All-terrain vehicle and bicycle crashes in children: epidemiology and comparison of injury severity". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 37 (3): 375–380. doi:10.1053/jpsu.2002.30826. PMID 11877651.
  • Caine, Dennis J.; Maffulli, Nicola, reds. (2005). Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries. Medicine and Sport Science. Vol. 48. Karger Publishers. ISBN 9783805578684.
  • Casa, Douglas J., red. (2011). Preventing Sudden Death in Sport and Physical Activity. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9781449647049.
  • Fuller, Colin W. (2007-07-12). Catastrophic injuries in Rugby Union: An Assessment of the risk (Report). https://documents.pub/document/catastrophic-injuries-in-rugby-union-an-assessment-of-the-risk.html?page=1. 
  • Frymoyer, John W.; Wiesel, Sam W., reds. (2004). The Adult and Pediatric Spine. Vol. 2 (3 uitg.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781735490.
  • Hoerner, Earl F., red. (1997). Safety in American Football. Special Testing Publications. Vol. 1305. ASTM International. ISBN 9780803124004.
  • Jumah, K.B.; Nyame, P.K. (Julie 1994). "Relationship between load carrying on the head and cervical spondylosis in Ghanaians". West African Journal of Medicine. 13 (3): 181–182. PMID 7841112.
  • Karantanas, Apostolos H., red. (2011). Sports Injuries in Children and Adolescents. Medical Radiology: Diagnostic Imaging. Springer. ISBN 9783540885900.
  • Kitzes, William F. (Maart 1989). "ATVs—The Hidden Danger". The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 17 (1): 86–93. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.1989.tb01076.x. PMID 2770352. S2CID 40549366.
  • Kordi, R.; Akbarnejad, A.; Wallace, W.A. (Maart 2010). "Catastrophic injuries in the Olympic styles of wrestling in Iran". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 44 (3): 168–174. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.046870. PMID 18603585. S2CID 22347274.
  • McIntosh, Andrew S.; McCrory, Paul (Junie 2005). "Preventing head and neck injury". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 39 (6): 314–318. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.018200. PMC 1725244. PMID 15911597.
  • McIntosh, Andrew S.; McCrory, Paul; Finch, Caroline F.; Wolfe, Rory (Maart 2010). "Head, face and neck injury in youth rugby: incidence and risk factors" (PDF). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 44 (3): 188–193. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.041400. PMID 18385188. S2CID 30594133.
  • "Girls' Most Dangerous Sport: Cheerleading". LiveScience. 11 Augustus 2008. Besoek op 18 Januarie 2013.
  • McKeag, Douglas B.; Moeller, James L., reds. (2007). ACSM's Primary Care Sports Medicine (2 uitg.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781770286.
  • Mpofu, Elias; Oakland, Thomas, reds. (2009). Rehabilitation and Health Assessment: Applying ICF Guidelines. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 9780826157348.
  • Mueller, Frederick O. (Julie 2001). "Catastrophic Head Injuries in High School and Collegiate Sports". Journal of Athletic Training. 36 (3): 312–315. PMC 155424. PMID 12937502.
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  • Pfeiffer, Ronald P.; Mangus, Brent C. (2008). Concepts of Athletic Training (5 uitg.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 9780763749491.
  • Rakel, David; Rakel, Robert E. (2011). Textbook of Family Medicine (8 uitg.). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9781437735673.
  • Reid, D.C.; Saboe, L. (Junie 1989). "Spine Fractures in Winter Sports". Sports Medicine. 7 (6): 393–399. doi:10.2165/00007256-198907060-00004. ISSN 0112-1642. PMID 2662325. S2CID 23442072.
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  • "Cheerleading is leading cause of catastrophic injury in young women". University of Michigan Health System. 3 Augustus 2009. Besoek op 15 April 2013.


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