Meditasie

in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie
Afsondering in die natuur kan as 'n metode van meditasie dien.

Daar bestaan verskillende soorte meditasie in diverse tradisies. In die Christendom is meditasie die beskouing van 'n Bybelteks of 'n gebeurtenis uit die lewe van Jesus. Sedert die Middeleeue verbreed die term tot die insluiting van die beskouing van die natuur. Tydens die 16de eeu het meditasie ten doel om innerlike organisasie, omgang met God en dienswilligheid te skep. Onder die invloed van die Oosterse Herlewing ontstaan daar in die 20ste eeu hernieude belangstelling in stilte, konsentrasie en die verbreding van die bewussyn. Meditasie word deesdae veral as 'n ontspanningstegniek sonder geloofskonnotasies gebruik.

Daar bestaan twee soorte meditasie: voorwerpgerigte meditasie (om op 'n enkele voorwerp te fokus) en voorwerpvrye meditasie (om bloot aan niks te dink nie en die gedagtes totaal te ledig). Laasgenoemde meditasie word as 'n meer gevorderde vorm gesien en word nie vir beginners aanbeveel nie.

Bronne[wysig | wysig bron]

  • Aguirre, Blaise (2018), Mindfulness and Meditation: Your Questions Answered, ABC-CLIO 
  • Austin, James H. (1999) Zen and the Brain: Toward an Understanding of Meditation and Consciousness, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999, ISBN 0-262-51109-6
  • Azeemi, Khwaja Shamsuddin Azeemi (2005) Muraqaba: The Art and Science of Sufi Meditation. Houston: Plato, 2005, ISBN 0-9758875-4-8
  • Bennett-Goleman, T. (2001) Emotional Alchemy: How the Mind Can Heal the Heart, Harmony Books, ISBN 0-609-60752-9
  • Benson, Herbert and Miriam Z. Klipper. (2000 [1972]). The Relaxation Response. Expanded Updated edition. Harper. ISBN 0-380-81595-8
  • Bond, Kenneth; Ospina, Maria B.; Hooton, Nicola; Bialy, Liza; Dryden, Donna M.; Buscemi, Nina; Shannahoff-Khalsa, David; Dusek, Jeffrey; Carlson, Linda E. (2009). "Defining a complex intervention: The development of demarcation criteria for 'meditation'". Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. 1 (2): 129–137. doi:10.1037/a0015736. (NB: (Bond et al. 2009) has substantial overlap with the full report by (Ospina et al. 2007), listed below. Overlap includes the first 6 authors of this paper, and the equivalence of Table 3 on p. 134 in this paper with Table B1 on p. 281 in the full report)
  • Bodhi, Bhikkhu (1999). The Noble Eightfold Path: The Way to the End of Suffering. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Augustus 2019. Besoek op 4 Julie 2006.
  • Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2005), In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon, Simon and Schuster 
  • Bronkhorst, Johannes (1993), The Two Traditions Of Meditation In Ancient India, Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 
  • Cahn, B. Rael; Polich, John (2006). "Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies". Psychological Bulletin. 132 (2): 180–211. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.180. PMID 16536641.
  • Craven, John L. (Oktober 1989). "Meditation and Psychotherapy *". The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 34 (7): 648–653. doi:10.1177/070674378903400705. PMID 2680046. S2CID 27930160.
  • Everly, George S.; Lating, Jeffrey M. (2002), A clinical guide to the treatment of human stress response, Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 0-306-46620-1 
  • Epstein, Mark (1995). Thought without a Thinker: Psychotherapy from a Buddhist Perspective. Basic Books.
  • Fischer-Schreiber, Ingrid; Ehrhard, Franz-Karl; Diener, Michael S., reds. (1991). The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen. Shambhala Publications.
  • Gangadharan, Shobana; Hemamalini, M. (2021), Community Health Nursing: Framework for Practice: Vol 2-E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences 
  • Gethin, Rupert (1998). The foundations of Buddhism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-289223-1.
  • Goldstein, Joseph (2003). One Dharma : the emerging Western Buddhism. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-06-251701-5.
  • Goleman, Daniel (1988). The meditative mind: The varieties of meditative experience. New York: Tarcher. ISBN 978-0-87477-833-5.
  • Hayes, S. C.; Strosahl, K. D.; Wilson, K. G. (1999) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Jevning, R.; Wallace, R.K.; Beidebach, M. (September 1992). "The physiology of meditation: A review. A wakeful hypometabolic integrated response". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 16 (3): 415–424. doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80210-6. PMID 1528528. S2CID 2650109.
  • Kamalashila (2003), Meditation: The Buddhist art of tranquility and insight, Birmingham: Windhorse Publications 
  • Kaplan, A. (1978). Meditation and the Bible. Maine: Samuel Weiser.