Roma: Verskil tussen weergawes
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No edit summary Etikette: Selfoonbydrae Wysiging op selfoonwerf |
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Gypsy scumbags came from Egypt. The only Indo-Aryan language of Europe is the Tchermane. |
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: ''Hierdie artikel handel oor die etniese groep. Vir die taal, sien [[Romani]].'' |
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{{Etniese groep |
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| beeld = [[Lêer:Roma flag.svg|300px]] |
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| onderskrif = Vlag van die Roma |
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| groep = Roma |
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| bevolking=ca. 2–12 miljoen<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmy|format=online|editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=M. Paul|year=2009|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=16th|place=Dallas, Texas|publisher=[[Ethnologue]]|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-12977975|work=[[BBC]] News|title=EU demands action to tackle Roma poverty|date=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title=The Roma|url=http://www.nationalia.info/new/8761/peoples-and-nations-today-the-roma|publisher=Nationalia|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Rom|title=Rom|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref> |
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| plek={{vlagland|Verenigde State}} ~1 miljoen<ref name=time>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html|first=Kayla|last=Webley|title=Hounded in Europe, Roma in the U.S. Keep a Low Profile|website=Time|date=13 Oktober 2010|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Brasilië}} 800 000<ref>{{pt}} {{cite web|url=http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/noticias/falta-de-politicas-publicas-para-ciganos-e-desafio-para-o-governo-20110524.html|title=Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo|publisher=R7|year=2011|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Turkye}} 700 000–5 miljoen<ref name=immigration>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/hcnm/78034?download=true|title=Recent Migration of Roma in Europe, A study by Mr. Claude Cahn and Professor Elspeth Guild|publisher=[[OVSE]]|date=10 Desember 2008|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref>/~2,8 miljoen<ref>{{tr}} {{cite web|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/turkiye-deki-kurtlerin-sayisi-/yasam/magazindetay/06.06.2008/873452/default.htm|title=Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!|date=6 Junie 2008|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{tr}} {{cite web|title=Türkiye’deki Çingene nüfusu tam bilinmiyor. 2, hatta 5 milyon gibi rakamlar dolaşıyor Çingenelerin arasında|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ab-ulkeleriyle-ortak-bir-noktamiz-daha-cingeneler-38700406|newspaper=Hurriyet|date=8 Mei 2005|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Spanje}} 650 000–1,5 miljoen<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/img/n7a.jpg|title=Society for Threatened Peoples|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf|title=The Situation of Roma in Spain|publisher=Open Society Institute|year=2002|format=PDF|accessdate=15 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201172552/http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf|archivedate=1 Desember 2007}}</ref><ref name="Diagnostico Social de la Comunidad Gitana en Espana - CIS">{{es}} {{cite web|url=http://www.msc.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf|title=Diagnóstico social de la comunidad gitana en España|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Roemenië}} 621 573–2 miljoen<ref>{{ro}} {{cite web|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-2/|title=Rezultate|publisher=Institutul Naţional de Statistică|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTROMA/0,,contentMDK:20333806~menuPK:615999~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:615987,00.html|title=World Bank and the Roma|publisher=[[Wêreldbank]]|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{ro}} {{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls|title=Rezultatele finale ale Recensământului din 2011 - Tab8. Populaţia stabilă după etnie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune|date=5 Julie 2013|accessdate=18 Desember 2013|publisher=National Institute of Statistics}}</ref><ref>{{ro}} {{cite web|url=http://www.gandul.info/stiri/recensamant-2011-doua-treimi-dintre-romi-se-declara-romani-700-000-2-000-000-3-000-000-cati-romi-traiesc-in-romania-8883047|title=RECENSĂMÂNT 2011. Două treimi dintre romi se declară români. 700.000, 2.000.000, 3.000.000 ... câţi romi trăiesc în România?|date=19 Oktober 2011|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Frankryk}} 350 000–1,2 miljoen<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/section/security/news/situation-of-roma-in-france-at-crisis-proportions-report/|title=Situation of Roma in France at crisis proportions – report|publisher=EurActiv Network|date=7 Desember 2005|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/en/security/situation-roma-france-crisis-proportions-report/article-150507|title=Report by the European Roma Rights Centre}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/db/01/A1/m000001A1.pdf|title=Full Report by the European Roma Rights Centre}}</ref><ref>{{fr}} {{cite web|author=Bernard Gorce|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Roms-gens-du-voyage-deux-realites-differentes-_NG_-2010-07-22-603910|title=Roms, gens du voyage, deux réalités différentes|publisher=La Croix|date=22 Julie 2010|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Bulgarye}} 325 343–800 000<ref>{{bg}} {{cite web|url=http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R7.aspx|title=Население по местоживеене, възраст и етническа група|work=Bulgarian National Statistical Institute|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite press release|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-249_en.htm|title=Roma Integration – 2014 Commission Assessment: Questions and Answers|publisher=European Commission|location=Brussels|date=4 April 2014|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Hongarye}} 315 583–990 000<ref>{{hu}} {{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_sajto_20130328.pdf|title=Hungarian Central Statistical Office Census Data 2011|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite news|author=Michael Kimmelman|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/arts/design/06roma.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1|title=In Hungary, Roma Get Art Show, Not a Hug|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=6 Februarie 2008|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Griekeland}} 300 000–350 000<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title= Greece NGO|newspaper=Geek Helsinki Monitor|place=LV|publisher=Minelres|url=http://www.minelres.lv/reports/greece/greece_NGO.htm|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Verenigde Koninkryk}} 90 000–300 000/~225 000<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rme | title = [[Ethnologue]] | accessdate = 8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Rusland}} 182 766–1,2 miljoen<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|title=National Composition of Population and Citizenship|format=Excel|publisher=Perepis2002|accessdate=16 September 2010}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Serwië}} 147 604–800 000<ref>{{sr}} {{cite web|publisher=Stat|url=http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Prezentacija_Knjiga1.pdf|title=Национална Припадност Припаднос|format=PDF|date=29 November 2012|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=1816|title=Skinhead violence targeting Roma in Yugoslavia|work=ERRC|date=15 Mei 1998|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Italië}} 120 000–180 000<ref>{{it}} {{cite web|url=http://www.21luglio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Rapporto-annuale-Associazione-21-luglio.pdf|title=Giornata Internazionale dei rom e sinti: presentato il Rapporto Annuale 2014 (PDF)|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Duitsland}} 120 000–140 000<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{de}} {{cite web | url = http://www.berlin-institut.org/online-handbuchdemografie/bevoelkerungsdynamik/regionale-dynamik/roma-in-deutschland.html | publisher = Berlin-Institut für Bevölkerung und Entwicklung | title = Regionale Dynamik – Roma in Deutschland | accessdate = 8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Slowakye}} 105 738–600 000<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{sk}} {{cite web|publisher=Statistics|format=PDF|url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715152521/http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|archivedate=15 Julie 2007|title=Population and Housing Census. Resident population by nationality}}</ref><ref>{{sk}} {{cite web|work=SME|url=http://romovia.sme.sk/c/6947495/na-slovensku-zije-viac-ako-400-tisic-romov-populacny-boom-sa-nepotvrdil.html|title=Na Slovensku žije viac ako 400-tisíc Rómov, populačný boom sa nepotvrdil|date=25 September 2013|accessdate=8 Mei 2016|publisher=SITA}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Noord-Masedonië}} 53 879<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url= http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20040621055714/http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archivedate= 2004-06-21 |title= The 2002-census reported 53,879 Roma and 3,843 'Egyptians' |publisher=Republic of Macedonia, State Statistical Office |accessdate= 17 September 2010}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Swede}} 50 000–100 000<ref>{{sv}} {{cite web | url = http://minoritet.prod3.imcms.net/1013 | title = Minoritet – Sametingen. Information about minorities in Sweden | publisher = IMCMS | accessdate = 8 Mei 2016 }}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Oekraïne}} 47 587–400 000<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{uk}} {{cite web | url = http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=100&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&n_page=5 | publisher = State statistics committee | title = National composition of population, 2001 census | accessdate = 8 Mei 2016 }}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Tsjeggië}} 40 370<ref>{{cz}} {{cite web|url=http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=podle-tematu&tu=30718&th=&v=&vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1uIhBMCuxLFGvtCQzR88jsTjDN7GAlf3WwcNiCReZGZjcGLhy8hNT3BKTS_KLPBk4SzKKUosz8nNSKgrsHRhAgKecA0gKADF3CQNnaLBrUIBjkKNvcSFDHQMDhhqGCqCiYA__cLCiEgZGvxIGdg9_Fz__EMeCEgY2b38XZ89gIIvLxTHEP8wx2NEFJM4ZHOIY5u_t7-MJ1OIP5IdEBkT5OwU5RgH5IUB9fo4ePq4uEPNYw1yDolzhPstJzEvX88wrSU1PLRJ6tGDJ98Z2CyYGRk8G1rLEnNLUiiIGAYQ6v9LcpNSitjVTZbmnPOhmArq34D8QlDDwAG10C_KFWcoe4ugU6uPtWMLA4eni6hcSEAZ0FYe_k3OQmaGJUwUA4lOtR1sBAAA.&vseuzemi=null&void=|title=Sčítání lidu, domů a bytů|work=czso.cz}}</ref>–300 000<ref>{{cz}} {{cite web|url=http://romove.radio.cz/cz/clanek/18884|accessdate=8 Mei 2016|publisher=romove.radio.cz|title=Současná romská komunita v Evropě}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Portugal}} 40 000–70 000<ref name=immigration/><ref name="minorityrights.org">{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-127-RomaGypsies-A-European-Minority.pdf|title=Roma /Gypsies: A European Minority|publisher=Minority Rights Group International|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Kosovo}} 40 000<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url= https://books.google.de/books?id=tQKyAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA142&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |title= Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies)}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Nederland}} 32 000–48 000<ref name=immigration/><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Ierland}} 32 000–43 000<ref name=immigration/><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Switserland}} 25 000–35 000<ref name=immigration/><br /> |
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{{vlagland|België}} 20 000–40 000<ref name=immigration/><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Oostenryk}} 20 000–30 000<ref name=immigration/><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Kroasië}} 16 975–40 000<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_05/E01_01_05.html |title=POPULATION BY ETHNICITY – DETAILED CLASSIFICATION, 2011 CENSUS |publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Pole}} 15 000–60 000<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url= http://countrystudies.us/poland/32.htm|title= Poland – Gypsies |work= Country studies | accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Moldowa}} 12 778–200 000<ref name=immigration/><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Bosnië-Herzegowina}} 8 864–60 000<ref name=immigration/><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Albanië}} 8 301–150 000<ref name=immigration/><ref name="minorityrights.org" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/media/180932/1.1.13.xls|format=XLS|title=Albanian census 2011|website=instat.gov.al|accessdate=7 Desember 2015}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Kanada}} 5 255–80 000<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614111814/http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf|archivedate=14 Junie 2007|format=PDF|title=Roma in Canada fact sheet|website=home.cogeco.ca}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=1118296&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables |author=Statistics Canada |accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref><br /> |
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{{vlagland|Slowenië}} 3 246<ref name=immigration/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/romi-kako-iz-labirinta-stereotipov/98728 |title=Romi – kako iz labirinta stereotipov? | publisher=RTV Slovenija | date=5 April 2009 |accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref> |
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| taal = [[Romani]], tale van inheemse streke |
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| geloof = [[Christendom]] ([[Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]], [[Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk]], [[Protestantisme]]) • [[Islam]] • Sjaktisme<ref>{{en}} {{cite book | editor-last = Gall | editor-first = Timothy L | title = Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life | volume = 4. Europe | place = Cleveland, OH | publisher = Eastword | year = 1998 | pages = 316, 318}}</ref> |
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| verwante= Dom, Lom, Domba en ander [[Indo-Ariese tale|Indo-Ariërs]] |
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}} |
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[[Lêer:Movimiento gitano.jpg|duimnael|links|Die vermoedelike migrasie van Roma na [[Europa]]]] |
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[[Lêer:Romanis-historical-distribution.png|duimnael|links|Historiese verspreiding van die Roma se subgroepe in Europa]] |
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[[Lêer:Romani population average estimate.png|duimnael|links|Roma-bevolking volgens Europese lande: |
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{{legend|#787878|0%}} |
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{{legend|#58783c|5%}} |
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{{legend|#377800|10%}}]] |
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[[Lêer:Romungro.jpg|duimnael|links|Jong [[Hongarye|Hongaarse]] Roma voer 'n tradisionele dans op]] |
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[[Lêer:FlamencoSevilla.jpg|duimnael|links|Spaanse Roma, die sogenaamde Kalé of Gitanos, het as bekwame musikante en dansers groot invloed op die Andalusiese flamenco-dans uitgeoefen]] |
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'''Roma''' is 'n sambreelterm vir 'n aantal etnies verwante groepe wat oorspronklik uit [[Indië]] afkomstig is en vanaf die [[14de eeu]] in meerdere migrasiegolwe via [[Suidwes-Asië]] na [[Noord-Afrika]] en [[Europa]], in die moderne tyd ook na die [[Amerikas]] en [[Australië]] gemigreer het. |
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Roma word as etnies-kulturele minderheid op alle vastelande aangetref, alhoewel die meerderheid in Europa en hier veral in Suidoos-Europese en enkele [[Sentraal-Europa|Sentraal-Europese]] lande asook in [[Spanje]] en [[Portugal]] leef. In [[Duits]]sprekende gebiede word na hierdie etniese groepe meestal as "Sinti en Roma" verwys. In Duitsland is die Roma 'n erkende minderheid soos [[Dene]], [[Friese]] en [[Sorbe]].<ref>{{de}} {{cite web|url=http://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Verfassung/Nationale-Minderheiten/nationale-minderheiten_node.html|title=Nationale Minderheiten|publisher=Bundesministerium des Innern|accessdate=8 Mei 2016}}</ref> |
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Hul gemeenskaplike taal is [[Romani]] of Romanes, met 'n groot verskeidenheid [[dialek]]te. |
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Baie lede van die minderheid word sowel vanweë hulle etniese afkoms asook hulle sosiale situasie gemarginaliseer. So word ook die term ''Sigeuner'' as neerhalend ervaar. |
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== Taal == |
== Taal == |
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Wysiging soos op 07:25, 28 Junie 2019
Gypsy scumbags came from Egypt. The only Indo-Aryan language of Europe is the Tchermane.
Taal
Na die taal van Roma, romaňi čhib, word internasionaal en veral in Angel-Saksiese lande meestal as Romani, in die Duitse taalgebied ook as Romanes verwys. Romani is verwant aan Sanskrit en toon ooreenkomste met Sentraal- en Noordwes-Indiese tale. Volgens die ontstaansgeskiedenis van die basiese woordeskat en die grammatikale stelsel, maar ook volgens sy fonologie is Romani 'n Nieu-Indo-Ariese en dus Indo-Europese taal wat sedert meer as 800 jaar onafhanklik van die Indiese tale ontwikkel het, waarvan sedert minstens 700 jaar in Europa.
Godsdiens
Elemente uit verskillende periodes van die godsdienstige lewe in Indië en Ou-Persië kom nog steeds in die huidige religieuse voorstellings en geloofspraktyke van Roma voor.
Die geloof van Roma korrespondeer in 'n groot mate met die omgewende meerderheidsgodsdiens. So is die meeste Lowara-Roma Rooms-Katolieke en leef in tradisioneel Katolieke lande soos Oostenryk en Hongarye. Duitse Roma is eweneens merendeels Rooms-Katolieke, selfs in oorwegend Protestantse landsdele. In Oos-Europa is daar Ortodokse Kalderasj en Goerbet in Noord-Masedonië en Serwië asook Islamitiese Arlije in Noord-Masedonië, Albanië en Turkye. In Bulgarye is 39,2 persent van die Roma-bevolking Moslems.[1]
Die meeste van hierdie Islamitiese Roma praat die taal van hul Turkse geloofsbroeders - hulle is 'n belangrike faktor van Islam in Bulgarye. Opvallend by Bulgaarse Roma is hulle sinkretistiese tendense - dit wil sê daar kan 'n vermenging van Christelike en Islamitiese geloofspraktyke aangewys word.
In die afgelope dekades het ook vrye Christelike kerke, veral uit die Pinksterbeweging, sendingwerk in Roma-gemeenskappe gedoen.
Rooms-Katolieke Roma vereer die Swart Sara as hulle beskermheilige. In die Suid-Franse kusdorp Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in Camargue vind jaarliks 'n groot vergadering van Roma-gesinne ter ere van dié beskermheilige plaas. Hierdie byeenkoms staan tradisioneel as "Sigeuner-pelgrimstog" bekend en het lankal 'n toeristetrekpleister geword.
Musiek
Musiek is diep gewortel in die Roma-kultuur en speel dus 'n belangrike rol in die alledaagse lewe van Roma. So staan musikale opvoerings gewoonlik ook tydens feeste sentraal. Van oudsher het baie Roma as professionele musikante in hul lewensonderhoud voorsien en elemente uit die omgewende meerderheidskultuur met hul eie musikale tradisies vermeng. Hieruit het 'n groot verskeidenheid plaaslike musiekstyle en instrumentasies voortgespruit.
In Spanje, veral die suidelike gewes Andalusië, het die Kalé of Gitanos groot invloed op die ontwikkeling van die plaaslike flamenco-dans uitgeoefen. Roma-musikante soos Manitas de Plata het danksy hul flamenco-musiek internasionaal bekendheid verwerf. Die Franse Sinto Django Reinhardt het as jazz-musikant sukses behaal.
Die sigeuners (Roma) is die troebadoers van Europa. Hulle het baie liedjies versamel met hul nomadiese leefstyl. Veral in Hongarye is hulle uiters vaardig op die viool. Hier staan hulle bekend as Tziganes. Tziganimusiek het oor die hele wêreld beroemd geword. Baie van die pragtige Hongaarse volkwysies, wat later komponiste soos Liszt, Brahms en Bartok sou inspireer, het behoue gebly omdat die Tziganes dit gespeel en gesing het.
Die lied Djelem, djelem is in 1971 tot volkslied van alle Roma verklaar.[2]
Verwysings
- ↑ (de) Inge Seiwert. "Feiern und Fasten bei Christen und Muslimen in Bulgarien". Verein Museum europäischer Kulturen. Besoek op 8 Mei 2016.
- ↑ (en) "Romani Nationalism, Flag and Anthem". Besoek op 8 Mei 2016.
Bron
- KENNIS, vol 6, 1980, bl. 1070, ISBN 0 7981 0828 2
Eksterne skakels
Wikimedia Commons het meer media in die kategorie Roma.
