Maputobaai: Verskil tussen weergawes
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==Geskiedenis== |
==Geskiedenis== |
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Die baai is in [[1502]] ontdek deur die [[Portugal|Portugese]] reisiger [[Antonio de Campo]], een van [[Vasco da Gama]]s se reisgenote. Nie lank daarna nie is die Portugese pos [{Lourenco Marques]] (nou Maputo) aan die noordelike kant van die Engelserivier opgerig. |
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In [[1720]] het die [[Verenigde Oos-Indiese Kompanjie]] 'n fort en fabriek gebou onder beheer van die [[Kaapkolonie]]. Vir 'n paar maande in 1722 is die fort beset deur seerowers, en uiteindelik finaal ontruim in Desember 1730. |
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In [[1720]] the [[Dutch East India Company]] built a fort and factory called '''Lijdzaamheid (Lydsaamheid)''' on the spot of Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), since April 1721 governed by an [[Opperhoofd]] (Chief facor), under authority of the Dutch Cape Colony, interrupted by Taylor's pirate occupation April 1722 - 28 August 1722; in December 1730 the settlement was abandoned. |
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Daarna het die Portugese met tussenposes handelsposte langs die monding opgerig wat beskerm is deur klein forte. Aanvalle deur die plaaslike stamme het die Portugese genoop om 'n verdrag te sluit met plaaslike stamhoofde. Dit het uiteindelik gelei tot die militêre besetting van die land deur die Portugese—ten spyte van die Britte se beste pogings, asook latere pogings deur die [[Transvaal]]se regering. |
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Thereafter the Portuguese had - intermittently - trading stations in the Espirito Santo estuary. These stations were protected by small forts, usually incapable, however, of withstanding attacks by the natives. |
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In [[1823]] Captain (afterwards Vice-Admiral) [[W. F. W. Owen]], of the [[Royal Navy]], finding that the Portuguese exercised no jurisdiction south of the settlement of Lourenco Marques, concluded treaties of cession with native chiefs, hoisted the British flag, and appropriated the country from the English river southwards; but when he visited the bay again in 1824 he found that the Portuguese, disregarding the British treaties, had concluded others with the natives, and had endeavoured (unsuccessfully) to take military possession of the country. Captain Owen rehoisted the British flag, but the sovereignty of either power was left undecided till the claims of the [[Transvaal Republic]] rendered a solution of the question urgent. In the meantime Great Britain had taken no steps to exercise authority on the spot, while the ravages of [[Zulu]] hordes confined Portuguese authority to the limits of their fort. In [[1835]] [[Boer]]s, under a leader named [[Orich]], had attempted to form a settlement on the bay, which is the natural outlet for the Transvaal; and in 1868 the Transvaal president, [[Marthinus Pretorius]], claimed the country on each side of the Maputa down to the sea. In the following year, however, the Transvaal acknowledged Portugals sovereignty over the bay. |
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In 1861 Navy Captain Bickford, had declared Inyak and Elephant islands British territory; an act protested against by the Lisbon authorities. In 1872 the dispute between Great Britain and Portugal was submitted to the arbitration of [[M. Thiers]], the French president; and on the 19th of April 1875 his successor, [[Marshal MacMahon]], declared in favor of the Portuguese. It had been previously agreed by Great Britain and Portugal that the right of pre-emption in case of sale or cession should be given to the unsuccessful claimant to the bay. Portuguese authority over the interior was not established until some time after the MacMahon award; nominally the country south of the Manhissa river was ceded to them by the [[Matshangana]] chief [[Umzila]] in 1861. |
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In 1889 another dispute arose between Portugal and Great Britain in consequence of the seizure by the Portuguese of the railway running from the bay to the Transvaal. This dispute was referred to arbitration, and in 1900 Portugal was condemned to pay nearly 1,000,000 pounds in compensation. to the shareholders in the railway company. |
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==Bronne en Verwysings== |
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*Sir E. Hertslet, ''The Map of Africa by Treaty'', iii. 991-998 (London, 1909)- an account of the Delagoa Bay arbitration proceedings |
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* the British blue-book, ''Delagoa Bay, Correspondence respecting the Claims of Her Majestys Government'' (London, 1875) |
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* L. van Deventer, ''La Hollande et la Baie Delagoa'' (The Hague, 1883) |
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* G. McC. Theal, ''The Portuguese in South Africa'' (London, 1896), and ''History of South Africa since September 179,f'', vol. v. (London, 1908). ''The Narrative of Voyages to explore the shores of Africa, performed under direction of Captain W. F. W. Owen, RN.'' (London, 1833) contains much interesting information concerning the district in the early part of the 19th century. |
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*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mozambique.htm#Delagoa WorldStatesmen- Mozambique] |
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{{1911}} |
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Wysiging soos op 06:16, 9 Februarie 2006
Maputobaai (Baia de Maputo), voorheen Delagoabaai (Port. "baai van die lagoen") is 'n inham van die Indiese Oseaan aan die kus van Mosambiek, tussen 25 40 en 26 20 S., met 'n lengte van 70 m noord na suid en 'n breedte van ongeveer 20 m.
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Beskrywing
Die baai is in die noordelike deel van 'n reeks lagoons wat gevind word aan die kus vanaf St. Lucia in Suid-Afrika. Die opening van die baai is aan die noord-oostelike kant. Die suidelike deel van die baai word gevorm deur 'n peninsula, bekend as die Inyak peninsula, wat aan die binne of westelike kant veilige hawe bied. Port Melville is aan die noord-westelike punt. Noord van die penisula is Inyak-eiland, and verder aan 'n kleiner eiland bekend as Olifante-eiland.
Alhoewel Maputobaai vlak is op verskeie plekke en 'n rif digby die ingang het, is dit 'n waardevolle hawe wat deur groot vaartuie in alle seisoene gebruik kan word. Die omliggende landskap is laag en baie ognesond, maar Inyak-eiland het 'n hoogte van 240 voet, en word gebruik as 'n sanatorium. Die Manhissa of Komatirivier, vloei die baai binne aan die noordekant, verskeie kleiner spruite uit die Lebomboberge ontmoet in die middel van die baai in 'n monding bekend as Espirto Santo (algemeen bekend as die Engelse-rivier), en die Maputorivier (wat ontspring in die Drakensberg), vloei vanaf die suide van die baai binne, as ook die Umfusirivier. Verskeie seekoeie en krokodille word in die riviere aangetref.
Geskiedenis
Die baai is in 1502 ontdek deur die Portugese reisiger Antonio de Campo, een van Vasco da Gamas se reisgenote. Nie lank daarna nie is die Portugese pos [{Lourenco Marques]] (nou Maputo) aan die noordelike kant van die Engelserivier opgerig.
In 1720 het die Verenigde Oos-Indiese Kompanjie 'n fort en fabriek gebou onder beheer van die Kaapkolonie. Vir 'n paar maande in 1722 is die fort beset deur seerowers, en uiteindelik finaal ontruim in Desember 1730.
Daarna het die Portugese met tussenposes handelsposte langs die monding opgerig wat beskerm is deur klein forte. Aanvalle deur die plaaslike stamme het die Portugese genoop om 'n verdrag te sluit met plaaslike stamhoofde. Dit het uiteindelik gelei tot die militêre besetting van die land deur die Portugese—ten spyte van die Britte se beste pogings, asook latere pogings deur die Transvaalse regering.