Toegepaste wetenskap: Verskil tussen weergawes

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Huidige wysiging sedert 07:12, 10 Februarie 2024

Toegepaste Wetenskap (Engels: Applied science) is die toepassing van bestaande wetenskaplike kennis om praktiese probleme mee op te los, soos die ontwikkeling van nuwe tegnologie en nuwe uitvindings.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Velde van ingenieurswese is nou verwant aan die toegepaste wetenskappe. Die gebruik in industriële instellings word gewoonlik na verwys as navorsing en ontwikkeling (of R&D, wat vir Research and Development in Engels staan).

Toegepaste Wetenskap verskil van Fundamentele wetenskap, wat daarop gemik is om ons kennis van die wêreld en die natuur uit te brei. Toegepaste wetenskap daarenteen poog om hierdie reeds bestaande wetenskaplike kennis op die wêreld rondom ons toe te pas.^[4]^[5]

Verwysings[wysig | wysig bron]

↑ Bunge, M. (1974), Rapp, Friedrich, ed., "Technology as Applied Science" (in en), Contributions to a Philosophy of Technology: Studies in the Structure of Thinking in the Technological Sciences (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands): pp. 19–39, doi:10.1007/978-94-010-2182-1_2, ISBN 978-94-010-2182-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2182-1_2, besoek op 2023-02-07
↑ Shields, Patricia; Rangarjan, N. (2013). "5: Exploration – Working Hypotheses". A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management. Stillwater, OK: New Forums Press. pp. 109–158. ISBN 9781581072471.
↑ The following are examples of applied research using working hypotheses 1) Swift, James T. 2010. "Exploring Capital Metro's Sexual Harassment Training Using Dr. Bengt-Ake Lundvall's Taxonomy of Knowledge Principles". Applied Research Projects, Texas State University. 2) Gillfillan, Abigail. 2008. "Using Geographic Information Systems to Develop and Analyze Land-Use Policies". Applied Research Projects, Texas State University. 3) Thornton, Wayne 2000. "A Descriptive and Exploratory Study of the Ethics Program at Austin State Hospital: The Common Elements of the Program and Managers' Beliefs About the Purpose and Usefulness of the Program". Applied Research Projects, Texas State University.
↑ "Frascati Manual Page 30" (PDF). Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike (PDF) op 7 Oktober 2011. Besoek op 17 Augustus 2011.
↑ National Research Council (US) Committee to Update Science, Medicine (2004). The Concept of Basic Research (in Engels). National Academies Press (US).

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[1] Bunge, M. (1974), Rapp, Friedrich, ed., "Technology as Applied Science" (in en), Contributions to a Philosophy of Technology: Studies in the Structure of Thinking in the Technological Sciences (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands): pp. 19–39, doi:10.1007/978-94-010-2182-1_2, ISBN 978-94-010-2182-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2182-1_2, besoek op 2023-02-07

[2] Shields, Patricia; Rangarjan, N. (2013). "5: Exploration – Working Hypotheses". A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management. Stillwater, OK: New Forums Press. pp. 109–158. ISBN 9781581072471.

[3] The following are examples of applied research using working hypotheses 1) Swift, James T. 2010. "Exploring Capital Metro's Sexual Harassment Training Using Dr. Bengt-Ake Lundvall's Taxonomy of Knowledge Principles". Applied Research Projects, Texas State University. 2) Gillfillan, Abigail. 2008. "Using Geographic Information Systems to Develop and Analyze Land-Use Policies". Applied Research Projects, Texas State University. 3) Thornton, Wayne 2000. "A Descriptive and Exploratory Study of the Ethics Program at Austin State Hospital: The Common Elements of the Program and Managers' Beliefs About the Purpose and Usefulness of the Program". Applied Research Projects, Texas State University.

[4] "Frascati Manual Page 30" (PDF). Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike (PDF) op 7 Oktober 2011. Besoek op 17 Augustus 2011.

[5] National Research Council (US) Committee to Update Science, Medicine (2004). The Concept of Basic Research (in Engels). National Academies Press (US).

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@@ Lyn 1: / Lyn 1: @@
 {{Wetenskap}}
+'''Toegepaste Wetenskap''' ([[Engels]]: ''Applied science'') is die toepassing van bestaande wetenskaplike kennis om praktiese probleme mee op te los, soos die ontwikkeling van nuwe tegnologie en nuwe uitvindings.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bunge |first=M. |title=Technology as Applied Science |date=1974 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2182-1_2 |work=Contributions to a Philosophy of Technology: Studies in the Structure of Thinking in the Technological Sciences |pages=19–39 |editor-last=Rapp |editor-first=Friedrich |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-010-2182-1_2 |isbn=978-94-010-2182-1 |s2cid=110332727 |access-date=2023-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1-link =Patricia M. Shields|last1=Shields|first1= Patricia|last2= Rangarjan|first2= N.|date= 2013 |title = A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management|location= Stillwater, OK|publisher= New Forums Press|chapter= 5: Exploration – Working Hypotheses|pages= 109–158|isbn = 9781581072471}}</ref><ref>The following are examples of applied research using working hypotheses 1) Swift, James T. 2010. [https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/3671/fulltext.pdf?sequence=1 "Exploring Capital Metro's Sexual Harassment Training Using Dr. Bengt-Ake Lundvall's Taxonomy of Knowledge Principles]". ''Applied Research Projects'', Texas State University. 2) Gillfillan, Abigail. 2008. [https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/3775 "Using Geographic Information Systems to Develop and Analyze Land-Use Policies]". ''Applied Research Projects'', Texas State University. 3) Thornton, Wayne 2000. [https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/3757 "A Descriptive and Exploratory Study of the Ethics Program at Austin State Hospital: The Common Elements of the Program and Managers' Beliefs About the Purpose and Usefulness of the Program]". ''Applied Research Projects'', Texas State University.</ref>
-'''Toegepaste Wetenskap''' ([[Engels]]: ''Applied science'') is die toepassing van bestaande wetenskaplike kennis om praktiese probleme mee op te los, soos die ontwikkeling van nuwe tegnologie en nuwe uitvindings.
 Velde van [[ingenieurswese]] is nou verwant aan die toegepaste wetenskappe. Die gebruik in industriële instellings word gewoonlik na verwys as [[Navorsing en Ontwikkeling|navorsing en ontwikkeling]] (of R&D, wat vir ''Research and Development'' in Engels staan).
-Toegepaste Wetenskap verskil van [[Fundamentele navorsing|Fundamentele wetenskap]], wat daarop gemik is om ons kennis van die wêreld en die natuur uit te brei. Toegepaste wetenskap daarenteen poog om hierdie reeds bestaande wetenskaplike kennis op die wêreld rondom ons toe te pas.
+Toegepaste Wetenskap verskil van [[Fundamentele navorsing|Fundamentele wetenskap]], wat daarop gemik is om ons kennis van die wêreld en die natuur uit te brei. Toegepaste wetenskap daarenteen poog om hierdie reeds bestaande wetenskaplike kennis op die wêreld rondom ons toe te pas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frascati Manual Page 30 |url=http://browse.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/pdfs/free/9202081e.pdf |access-date=August 17, 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007161800/http://browse.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/pdfs/free/9202081e.pdf |archive-date=October 7, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK24660/|title=The Concept of Basic Research|last=National Research Council (US) Committee to Update Science|first=Medicine|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press (US)|language=en}}</ref>
+== Verwysings ==
+{{Verwysings}}
 {{Saadjie}}