Isotope van kalifornium
Die chemiese element kalifornium (Cf), met ’n atoommassa van ongeveer 251 u, het geen stabiele isotope nie en word dus as ’n radioaktiewe element geklassifiseer. Die 19 isotope is onstabiel en het ’n relatief kort halfleeftyd (die meeste minder as ’n uur).
In die natuur kom geen kalifornium voor nie; alle isotope is sinteties in ’n laboratorium berei. Die eerste sintetiese isotoop was 245Cf, in 1950.
Die kortslewende isotoop van kalifornium is 238Cf, met ’n halfleeftyd van ongeveer 21,1 millisekondes. Die langslewende een is 251Cf, met ’n halfleeftyd van 900 jaar.
Oorsig
[wysig | wysig bron]| Nuklied | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopiese massa (u) | Halfleeftyd | Radioaktiewe verval | VP | Kernspin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opwekkingsenergie | |||||||
| 237Cf | 98 | 139 | 237,06207(54) | 2,1(3) s | SS | 5/2+ | |
| β+ | 237Bk | ||||||
| α | 233Cm | ||||||
| 238Cf | 98 | 140 | 238,06141(43) | 21,1(13) ms | SS | 0+ | |
| β+ (selde) | 238Bk | ||||||
| α (selde) | 234Cm | ||||||
| 239Cf | 98 | 141 | 239,06242(23) | 60(30) s | α | 235Cm | 5/2+ |
| β+ (selde) | 239Bk | ||||||
| 240Cf | 98 | 142 | 240,06230(22) | 1,06(15) min. | α (98%) | 236Cm | 0+ |
| SS (2%) | |||||||
| β+ (selde) | 240Bk | ||||||
| 241Cf | 98 | 143 | 241,06373(27) | 3,78(70) min. | β+ (75%) | 241Bk | 7/2- |
| α (25%) | 237Cm | ||||||
| 242Cf | 98 | 144 | 242,06370(4) | 3,49(15) min. | α (80%) | 238Cm | 0+ |
| β+ (20%) | 242Bk | ||||||
| SS (0,014%) | |||||||
| 243Cf | 98 | 145 | 243,06543(15) | 10,7(5) min. | β+ (86%) | 243Bk | (1/2+) |
| α (14%) | 239Cm | ||||||
| 244Cf | 98 | 146 | 244,066001(3) | 19,4(6) min. | α (99%) | 240Cm | 0+ |
| EV (1%) | 244Bk | ||||||
| 245Cf | 98 | 147 | 245,068049(3) | 45,0(15) min. | β+ (64%) | 245Bk | (5/2+) |
| α (36%) | 241Cm | ||||||
| 246Cf | 98 | 148 | 246,0688053(22) | 35,7(5) uur | α | 242Cm | 0+ |
| EV (5 × 10−4%) | 246Bk | ||||||
| SS (2 × 10−4%) | |||||||
| 247Cf | 98 | 149 | 247,071001(9) | 3,11(3) uur | EV (99,96%) | 247Bk | (7/2+) |
| α (0,04%) | 243Cm | ||||||
| 248Cf | 98 | 150 | 248,072185(6) | 333,5(28) dae | α (99,99%) | 244Cm | 0+ |
| SS (0,0029%) | |||||||
| 249Cf | 98 | 151 | 249,0748535(24) | 351(2) jaar | α | 245Cm | 9/2- |
| SS (5 × 10−7%) | |||||||
| 249mCf | 144,98(5) keV | 45(5) µs | 5/2+ | ||||
| 250Cf | 98 | 152 | 250,0764061(22) | 13,08(9) jaar | α (99,92%) | 246Cm | 0+ |
| SS (0,077%) | |||||||
| 251Cf | 98 | 153 | 251,079587(5) | 900(40) jaar | α | 247Cm | 1/2+ |
| 252Cf | 98 | 154 | 252,081626(5) | 2,645(8) jaar | α (96,9%) | 248Cm | 0+ |
| SS (3,09%) | |||||||
| 253Cf | 98 | 155 | 253,085133(7) | 17,81(8) dae | β− (99,69%) | 253Es | (7/2+) |
| α (0,31%) | 249Cm | ||||||
| 254Cf | 98 | 156 | 254,087323(13) | 60,5(2) dae | SS (99,69%) | 0+ | |
| α (0,31%) | 250Cm | ||||||
| β−β− (selde) | 254Fm | ||||||
| 255Cf | 98 | 157 | 255,09105(22) | 85(18) min. | β− (99,99%) | 255Es | (7/2+) |
| SS (0,001%) | |||||||
| α (10−5%) | 251Cm | ||||||
| 256Cf | 98 | 158 | 256,09344(32) | 12,3(12) min. | SS (99%) | 0+ | |
| β− (1%) | 256Es | ||||||
| α (10−6%) | 252Cm | ||||||
| β−β− (selde) | 256Fm | ||||||
Isotope per element
[wysig | wysig bron]| 1H | 2He | 3Li | 4Be | 5B | 6C | 7N | 8O | 9F | 10Ne | 11Na | 12Mg | 13Al | 14Si | 15P | 16S | 17Cl | 18Ar | 19K | |
| 20Ca | 21Sc | 22Ti | 23V | 24Cr | 25Mn | 26Fe | 27Co | 28Ni | 29Cu | 30Zn | 31Ga | 32Ge | 33As | 34Se | 35Br | 36Kr | 37Rb | 38Sr | 39Y |
| 40Zr | 41Nb | 42Mo | 43Tc | 44Ru | 45Rh | 46Pd | 47Ag | 48Cd | 49In | 50Sn | 51Sb | 52Te | 53I | 54Xe | 55Cs | 56Ba | 57La | 58Ce | 59Pr |
| 60Nd | 61Pm | 62Sm | 63Eu | 64Gd | 65Tb | 66Dy | 67Ho | 68Er | 69Tm | 70Yb | 71Lu | 72Hf | 73Ta | 74W | 75Re | 76Os | 77Ir | 78Pt | 79Au |
| 80Hg | 81Tl | 82Pb | 83Bi | 84Po | 85At | 86Rn | 87Fr | 88Ra | 89Ac | 90Th | 91Pa | 92U | 93Np | 94Pu | 95Am | 96Cm | 97Bk | 98Cf | 99Es |
| 100Fm | 101Md | 102No | 103Lr | 104Rf | 105Db | 106Sg | 107Bh | 108Hs | 109Mt | 110Ds | 111Rg | 112Cn | 113Nh | 114Fl | 115Mc | 116Lv | 117Ts | 118Og |
Bronne
[wysig | wysig bron]- R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (aanlyn weergawe van die CD-ROM)
- G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85ste uitg.), hoofstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die Nederlandse Wikipedia
